External trade in cyprus during late bronze age Essay

External trade in cyprus during late bronze age - Essay Example External trade of Cyprus included export and import to and from its neighbouring countries, such as; Egypt, Anatolia, Syria, Levant and Palestine. These trading ties caused the island to have a substantial influence in the region. Foreign trades and resulting ties with the neighbouring countries made Cypriot economy quite significant during the Late Bronze Age. Development of these external relations at different phases will be investigated in a brief manner. This investigation includes the effect of migration and subsequently the transfer of Mycenaean skills, pottery making with the variety of styles and industry of ship manufacturing. Exported potteries and the underlying low quality limited its use to only ointment and oil containers. The paper discusses foreign trade of Cyprus, resulting relations with the trading partners, and its economic, social, and cultural impacts on Cyprus. Cyprus Role in Trading during the Late Bronze Age During the Late Bronze Age, Cyprus had been one of the most significant locations in the Mediterranean trade route; however, it couldn’t compete in popularity with its adjacent wealthier countries. There are several reasons for lacking importance, such as, insufficient information about Cyprus due to the fact that it was not mentioned enough in the written records about Late Bronze Age, and that it was geographically separated from other important nations. Major way of learning about the condition of Cyprus in late Bronze Age is to investigate its foreign relations through the archaeological remains and written texts from that era. Archaeological and textual evidence provide great insight when it comes to investigate and comprehend about the foreign trade in Cyprus during late Bronze Age.1Knapp explains and demonstrates the existence of politico-economic elites in Cyprus during Middle and Late Bronze Age through evidence (qtd. in Knapp 151). Amarna letters of Alashiya suggest that Cyprus had become an influential and affluen t kingdom at least by the 14th century BC. Ruler of the time considered himself on an equal level with Egyptian Pharaoh. This perception may link to the use of salutation, ‘my brother’.2 Cypriot rulers used state agents (called tamkar) in order to carry out foreign trade on massive level. Cyprus Exports Due to disintegration in the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean, Cypriot economy started to become recognized throughout the eastern Mediterranean and export of goods started. Particularly, this recognition boosted the copper production and trade. On Cyprus, ethnic elements of Aegean and Levantine were combined with Cypriot population. Moreover, the capabilities of industrial work started mounting.3 Copper According to the information from textual evidences from Late Bronze Age Cyprus, copper was the central and most exported item from the island during 13th and 14th century B.C. One of the countries that imported the Cypriot copper was Egypt. Moreover, referring to the be liefs in Egyptian texts, such as Amarna letters, Karageorghis (1975) highlights the presence of several mining areas in Cyprus, such as, Troodos foothills in Enkomi. Copper was exported as a major item to mould into weapons during battles while most weapons were made in Aegean. In addition, Cyprus (Enkomi) had huge supply of

Chapter Questions From Global health 101 richard skolnik book Essay

Chapter Questions From Global health 101 richard skolnik book - Essay Example Global health is the science that prioritizes health improvement and equity in the global context (Skolnik 7). Medical approach focuses on the individual while public health focuses on the population. medical approach is a personalized service while public health is a public service. Medical approach focuses on diagnosis of the ailment, treatment and care of the individual while public health focuses on prevention and health promotion in the society (Skolnik 7). Millennium development goals are a crucial part of a country’s development effort. The nations declared to meet the goals by 2015. The goal to reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat disease are related to health (Skolnik 10). The keys to eradication of smallpox include advances in technology, cooperation between global health actors and government commitment. The lesson learnt is leadership and commitment are key to a successful global health program (Skolnik

Stakeholders Project Organizations

Stakeholders Project Organizations To address the theme of project requirements, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes that explain what is: †¢ Meant by the terms primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders. †¢ The purpose of a scope document and what sections it should contain. Stakeholders Introduction:Stakeholders are anyone who has an interest in the project. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the projects objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations and to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project. Project Project Stake holder Project management Project Support Project Manager How a Stakeholders directly involved in a project Figure : The Relationship Between Stakeholders and the Project There are three kinds of stakeholders are involved in a project they are ivolved in a project internally or externally like that . Primary stakeholders Secondary stakeholders Tertiary stakeholders Primary stakeholders Primary stakeholders are those people and groups eventually affected by the project. Who expect to benefit from or be negatively affected by the change of project. In most projects primary stakeholders will be categorized according to socio-economic assessment. Thus, primary stakeholders should often be divided by gender, social or income classes, occupational or service user groups Primary stakeholders a direct link with the business- Customers. Suppliers. Secondary stakeholders: Secondary stakeholders are those with an intermediary role. They can be divided into funding, implementing, monitoring and advocacy organizations, or simply governmental, NGO and private sector organizations. Secondary stakeholders arent exactly participating customer and suppliers. Who is indirectly affected by the project plan. Forestry companies Landowners and or residents not inside the protected area but near Tertiary Stakeholders: Tertiary Stakeholders are those who are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against. Tertiary- can still have an influence, but are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against Those indirectly affected by the program neighborhood organizations, academic institutions, elected officials, advocacy groups, professional associations, skeptics, opponents, and staff of related or competing organizations. Local opinion leaders Local media Ecology departments of universities, research institutes etc. Scope Document Introduction: The scope document is a common term for at all document that refines and defines the requirements aspect of the triple constraint of time, cost, and requirements. In this general sense, it provides an overview of what the project is supposed to accomplish and clarifies how those accomplishments will be achieved. It may also provide the team members, customer, and project manager with insight on what is specifically not in the scope. Section contain This section summarizes some of the business issues around the project, including profiles of major customer categories, assumptions that went into the project concept, and the management priorities for the project. Vision Statement. History of project (Before) Assumption Risk Stakeholder User Vision statement: It is important to a project manager vision and scope document. It is also one of the easiest to execute. A project faces some problem when a project run a good vision and scope document will help in this time History of project (Before) History of project section contains a summary of the problem that the project will solve. It should provide a brief history of the problem and an explanation of how the organization justified the decision to build software to address it. Assumption This is the list of assumptions that the stakeholders, users or project team have made. the rest of the vision and scope document should be ready before the Delphi meeting and used as the basis for estimation. Risk It should be generated by a project teams brainstorming session. It could include external factors that could impact the project, issues or problems that could potentially cause project delays or raise issues. User This is a bulleted list of the users. As with the stakeholders, each user can either be referred to by name or role however, if there are many users, it is usually inefficient to try to name each one. The needs of each user are described. Task -2 To address the theme of how to grasp and communicate the â€Å"big picture† (a higher level view of the project overall, rather than a lower level view of, say, tasks for team members) carry out research and, from your findings, draft clearly structured notes that explain the benefits of visual forms of communication compared to, say, text or speech. Provide examples of the following visual forms of communication to show that you understand how they work and what information they contain: †¢ Lifecycle models †¢ Activity networks †¢ Mind maps Give a written explanation of how each of these methods may be used to communicate key ideas in a project. Introduction: Planning and estimating a project has never been easy. All projects have certain characteristics in common. They all have a beginning and an end. In other words, they do not continue on forever. Projects result in the creation of one or more deliverables. Projects also have assigned resources either full time, part time or both. There are other characteristics as well. All organizations can have projects. Projects can include building a house or office building, planning and executing a marketing campaign, upgrading desktop operating systems, installing a new phone system, developing an IT business application, etc. Throughout the course of a project the plan always changes due to certain events, Such as a change in the requirements. In order to support these frequent changes, a Good planning process is essential. It should involve Reducing Risk Reducing uncertainty. Conveying Information to the customer helps support better decision Life cycle models are: There are three kinds of life cycle model Waterfall model V Model Spiral model Waterfall model But I like waterfall model instance of V model and spiral model. It easy to dived into isolated stage. Which is perfect for project because one stage complete another stage started .so it is sure that the stage is complete. Each stage realize on when previous stage complete. Every stage has a miles stone. It is easy to know about a project to se Waterfall model because it has various stages V model: I cont like v-model because of: -emphasize on testing. Time consuming Waste money because of taste in all phases. Spiral model: its difficult to represent its not understandable to project team. Visual forms of communication System acceptance test Business Requirement Analysis Design Code test Integration Test Fig: Water fall Model 0 6 6 Task 1 0 0 6 6 14 20 Task 2 6 0 20 20 7 27 Task 3 20 0 27 27 7 34 Task 4 27 0 34 34 4 38 Task 5 34 0 38 38 2 40 Task 6 38 0 40 40 40 0 0 40 40 Fig: Activity Network Diagram Fig: Mind Map Life cycle model Written explanation Waterfall Model: Waterfall model is a popular life cycle of the project life cycle model . Often considered the classic approach to the project development life cycle, the waterfall model describes a development method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct goals for each phase of development.. Once a phase of development is completed, the development proceeds to the next phase and there is no turning back. Advantages / Disadvantages Most-widely used process model Controls schedules, budgets documentation Tends to favor well-understood system aspects over poorly understood system components Does not detect development areas behind schedule early in the lifecycle stages. Business Requirement: what is requiring in a business to do met in order to successes of a project.Establishes the components for building the system, including the row matatiels of a project and other necessary components Analysis: in analysis stage of a project a project manager is accept the all knowledge of a project how to solve it when its solved (project). Design: The design defines the major components and the interaction of those components, but the design does not define the structure of each component. It is determine the external interfaces and tools to use in the project. Code test: Implements the detailed design specification this only for code and Determines whether the project meets the specified requirements and finds any errors present in the code. System acceptance test: Acceptance testing is conducted within the testing area .its purpose is to allow the customer to confirm that the complete system. A detailed acceptance test plan is produced prior to testing which identifies the test to be conduct. Mind map A Mind map which represent a project with a graphics. Mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radically around a central key word or idea. It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Mind mapping, on the other hand, is a more intuitive way to manage projects, particularly if you have a lot of responsibilities and its easy to let something slip if its not right in front of you Mind map show the level Strategic, Tactical, Operational And who is responsible for a particular work of a project. Activity network Activity Networks is one of the most popular planning techniques. However, the activity networks diagrams have since been applied to activity planning for a wide range of projects. The approach is very scalable, enabling it to be applied effectively to the planning of activities spanning even a very short time frame. The activity network is a diagram that represents the activities required and their inter-dependencies, their start and finish dates and the time necessary for their completion. The resources required for each activity are also included on the diagram. Activity Networks are made up of a series of activity boxes, each of which depicts a discrete activity or task. It is easy to know of a project details by using activity network such as Early Start Time: Est. represent of the start time of a project Duration: How long time the project continues. Early finished time: when the project complete Activity description: this is which task is depends other task. Last Start Time: Last finished time minus Duration Last finished time: Last Start Time of succeeding activity Float Critical Path: once the resources required to complete each activity have been identified and the activity network updated to reflect these, then the start and finish dates can be added. With the shape and size of the planned area of work now visible, the total cost of the resources can be calculated. There will always be a critical path running through any project, from the first activity to the last. The critical path is defined as that series of activities that have zero float. The concept of float is central to critical path analysis, as it represents the ability to schedule an activity, or sequence of activities, within a flexible time slot rather than having to perform it immediately. This enables the more efficient management of resources across all of the activities in the network. How to calculate Float of a project Reading through activity networks from left to right gives the total duration of the planned work. Reading back through the network, subtracting each duration shows those activities that have any spare time. This spare time, known as float, is a very useful concept in relation to resource scheduling and smoothing. Float identifies parcels of time that can be used to introduce flexibility into the planned work, enabling the more efficient use of the available resources. Summary: project Lifecycles model which represent the Controls schedules, budgets documentation with graphics about a project .Activity Network which is needs for time management of a project such as est,eft lst,lft float,critical path etc, Mind Map It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Task-3 On the theme of team selection and management, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes on the team working theories devised by: †¢ Tuck man †¢ Belbin †¢ Myers-Briggs Write a summary of how knowledge of each theory might assist a project manager in the selection and development of an effective project team. Write notes that show how to assess the risk of team failure, using a risk matrix to document at least TWO possible risk scenarios, such as loss of key personnel or infighting between team-mates. Summaries the contingency plans you would call into effect, if the risks were realized. 1700 SUMMARY of Tuck man theory: Tuck man model explains that as the team develops maturity and ability, relationships establish, and the leader changes leadership style. Beginning with a directing style, moving through coaching, then participating, finishing delegating and almost detached. At this point the team may produce a successor leader and the previous leader can move on to develop a new team. Tuck man theory basically consists of four thing Forming Storming Norming Performing How to create a project group Storming 2 Forming 1 Performing 4 3 Norming Forming In the beginning step of a project which is forming the team is assembled and the task is allocated Firstly. Team members tend to behave independently and although goodwill may exist they do not know each other well enough to unconditionally trust one another. Time is spent planning, collecting information and bonding. Storming The second step of a project which is Storming The team starts to address the task suggesting ideas from a project. Different ideas may compete for ascendancy and if badly managed this phase can be very destructive for the team. Relationships between team members will be made or broken in this phase and some may never recover. In extreme cases the team can become stuck in the Storming phase. If a team is too focused on consensus they may decide on a plan which is less effective in completing the task for the sake of the team. This carries its own set of problems. It is essential that a team has strong facilitative leadership in this phase. Norming The thread step of a project which is Storming in Tuck man model As the team moves out of the Storming phase they will enter the Norming phase. This tends to be a move towards harmonious working practices with teams agreeing on the rules and values by which they operate. Team leaders can take a step back from the team at this stage as individual members take greater responsibility. The risk during the Norming stage is that the team becomes complacent and loses either their creative edge or the drive that brought them to this phase. Performing The four step of a project which is performing in Tuck man model Not all teams make it to the Performing phase, which is essentially an era of high performance. Performing teams are identified by high levels if independence, motivation, knowledge and competence. Decision making is collaborative and dissent is expected and encouraged as there will be a high level of respect in the communication between team members. Summary of Myers-Briggs theory: The Myers-Briggs personality typology, unlike some other typing theories such as the Enneagram or Four Temperaments, uses a combination of several aspects to arrive at a composite type, based on the interaction and relative weight of different behavioral and attitudinal factors. The types are expressed as combinations of four letters, as follows: E or I (Extravert or Introvert) S or N (Sensing or intuitive) T or F (Thinking or Feeling) J or P (Judging or Perceiving) Summary of Belbin theory: The term Team Roles was first coined by Dr Meredith Belbin, but is now used more generically to describe team types. A Team Role is defined by Meredith Belbin as: A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. It is usually written Team Roles, but can also be found as teamroles or team-roles. Belbin Team Roles improve self-knowledge and understanding among individuals and teams. Team Roles depict a current behavioural pattern ,Preferences arent fixed, since many factors can influence behaviour, whether a new job, promotion or circumstances outside work. Co-ordinator Shaper Resource Investigator Company worker Monitor evaluator Team worker Completer finishers Specialist Co-ordinator: The co-ordinator is a person-oriented leader. This person is trusting, accepting, dominant and is committed to team goals and objectives. The co-ordinator is a positive thinker who approves of goal attainment, struggle and effort in others. Shaper: The shaper is a task-focused leader who abounds in nervous energy, who has a high motivation to achieve and for whom winning is the name of the game. Resource Investigator: The resource investigator is someone who explores opportunities and develops contacts. Resource investigators are good negotiators who probe others for information and support and pick up others ideas and develop them. Company Worker: Implementers are aware of external obligations and are disciplined, conscientious and have a good self-image. They tend to be tough-minded and practical, trusting and tolerant, respecting established traditions. Team worker: Team workers make helpful interventions to avert potential friction and enable difficult characters within the team to use their skills to positive ends. They tend to keep team spirit up and allow other members to contribute effectively. Specialist The specialist provides knowledge and technical skills which are in rare supply within the team. They are often highly introverted and anxious and tend to be self-starting, dedicated and committed Risk of Team failure Diagnosing Team Failure Teams are put together to combine the knowledge and expertise of team members, this helps to gain greater strategic thinking and enhanced creativity in business solutions. When teams fail to perform as expected, an attempt is usually made to pinpoint and blame the people responsible. However, the answer doesnt always lie in replacing the team or firing the ‘scapegoat but in answering the question, ‘what went wrong with the group as a whole and why? Unless we make an attempt to identify the underlying causes, its unlikely the solution will be found. Factors Identifying Six Common Problem Areas No Trust Between Team Members When team members dont trust each other or are suspicious of each others motives, the end result is a team that is not cohesive in its approach. Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings All the complexities of team dynamics come to the fore at the meeting. The meeting is one of the most critical aspects of the team process with strategies and innovative solutions to problems emerging during this time. Poor Role Clarity Role clarity is a must in a team situation. When roles are not clearly defined, this can lead to conflict and confusion on tasks. Losing Focus of Business Objectives If you dont know where you are heading, how can you get there!? At times a team fails because the goals are unclear to the team members. Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies At times a team can fail due to uncertainties in market conditions and an inability to read the signs of change. Poor Time Management A team should plan its goals and activities whilst keeping time constraints and deadlines in mind, otherwise their efficiency level in managing and implementing a task can Risk Matrix A Risk Matrix is a tool used in the Risk Assessment process, it allows the severity of the risk of an event occurring to be determined. http://www.databasepublish.com/solutions/project-services/risk-management The identified risks are collected into a Risk Matrix. The Risk Matrix includes the rating of severity, mitigation strategy, owner and contingency plan for each risk. These proposed actions are formulated to address the risks that can be avoided upon implementation of a mitigation strategy. For example Impact Probability High No Trust between team member High Poor Role Clarity High Poor Time Management Medium Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies Law Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings High H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/M Mitigation/Contingency Required H/L Mitigation/Contingency Recommended Midium M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/M Mitigation/Contingency Recommended M/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Low H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required L/H Mitigation/Contingency Recommended L/M Mitigation/Contingency Optional L/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Probability / Impact Ranking Chart for Risk Matrix of a project The company or organisation then would calculate what levels of Risk they can take with different events. This would be done by weighing up the risk of an event occurring against the cost to implement safety and the benefit gained from it. Contingency Introduction:A project contingency or management reserve is an amount the consultant or the contractor may want to include the unexpected resources that may be overlooked or tasks that may have to be redone because they might not work for the first time. Contingency provision is to cover the elements of unforeseen minor changes in the technical and design specification. Contingency Plan: A defined set of tasks agreed upon by appropriate members of the Project Team that will be undertaken to manage the Project Team in the event the Risk occurs, roughly equivalent to an organizations various Disaster Plans. Tasks should be assignable to a single accountable resource. Given the substantive effect that the Risk is judged to have on the Project, the Contingency Plan may be relatively short with the realization that if it is invoked, it will ultimately give rise to a larger Project Plan detailed elsewhere. Otherwise, the guidelines for granularity etc. of individual tasks are identical to those described for the Mitigation Strategy. All risks with a must have an associated Contingency Plan If the decision has already been made to cancel the project if the Risk occurs, the Contingency Plan should stat

web dubois :: essays research papers

WEB DUBOIS WEB Dubois was born and raised in Barrington, Massachusetts. After high school and with the help of friends and family, and a scholarship he received to Fisk College (now University), he eagerly to Nashville, Tennessee to further his education. This was his first trip south. And during his stay there, his knowledge of the race problem became clearer. He saw discrimination in ways he never dreamed of, and developed a determination to expedite the emancipation of his people. Consequently, he became a writer, editor, and an impassioned orator. And in the process, acquired a belligerent attitude toward the color bar. While he was teaching an Atlanta University, Dubois wrote about and studied Negro morality and Negro urbanization. During this period a controversy grew between DuBois and Booker T. Washington, which later grew into a bitter personal battle. Washington argued the Black people should temporarily forego "political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education of Negro youth. They should concentrate all their energies on industrial education." DuBois believed in the higher education of a "Talented Tenth" who through their knowledge of modern culture could guide the American Negro into a higher civilization. (DuBois’ Dusk of Dawn). When Dubois began to solicit help for â€Å"organized determination and aggressive action on the part of men who believe in Negro freedom and growth†, twenty-nine men from fourteen states answered the call in Buffalo, New York. Five months later in January of 1906 the "Niagara Movement" was formed. Its objectives were to advocate civil justice and abolish caste discrimination. Though they were criticized for their radicalism, this was the first significant black organized protest movement of the twentieth century. The downfall of the group was attributed to public accusations of fraud and deceit engineered presumably by Washington advocates. In 1909 most members of the Niagara Movement merged with some white liberals and thus the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was born. DuBois was not altogether pleased with the group but agreed to stay on as Director of Publications and Research. He was also editor in chief of its publication â₠¬Å"the crisis for more than 20 years. He used his mighty pen to denounce racial injustice all over the country and grew more and more popular. This period marked the height of DuBois' popularity. The Crisis magazine subscription rate had grown from 1000 in 1909 to over 10,000 in May of 1919.

The Interaction Between Heredity and Environment

Have you ever wondered why people resemble their parents? The answer to this and other questions about inheritance lies in a specialized branch of biology called genetics. Geneticist found that most aspects of life have a hereditary basis and that many traits can appear in more than one form. For instance, human beings have blond, or red, or brown, or black hair. They may have one of several different types of blood, one or several colors of skin. Their ear lobes may be attached or free. They may or may not be able to manufacture certain enzymes.Some of these traits are much more important to the life of the individual than others, but all of them are hereditary. The geneticist is interested not only in the traits of man but in those of all other organisms as well. The study of inheritance depends on the differences as well as the similarities between parents and offspring over several generations. Heredity is very complex, and a geneticist cannot possibly analyze all the traits of a n organism at once. Instead, he studies only a few traits at a time. Many other traits are present.As the geneticists work out the solution to each hereditary mystery, the geneticist must not forget that all organisms live in a complex environment. The environment may affect the degree to which a hereditary trait develops. The geneticist must try to find out which of the many parts of the environment may affect his results. The factors must be kept as constant as possible by using controlled experiments. Only then can he tell that the differences observed are due to heredity. Heredity determines what an organism may become, not what it will become. What an organism becomes depends on both its heredity and environment.The modern science of genetics started with the work of Gregor Mendel. He found that a certain factor in a plant cell determined the traits the plant would have. Thirty years after his discovery this determines was given the name gene. Of the traits Mendel studied, he c alled dominant those at showed up in the offspring and recessive those The question I will ask is: how much of the variability observed between different individuals is due to hereditary differences between them, and how much to differences in the environments under which the individuals developed?In most organisms, including man, genetics information is transmitted from mother to daughter cells and from one generation to the next by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Knowledge of the heredity or inheritance of plants and animals is important in many phases of our life. The question I will ask is: How much of the variability observed between different individuals is due to hereditary differences between them, and how much to differences in the environments under which the individuals developed?The purpose of designing a unit on ? Heredity And Environment? is to help students learn more about themselves. They will learn why they develop into the kind of individual they are. The unit will d iscuss heredity traits and environmental conditions, chromosomes, DNA, studies of identical twins, and several diseases linked to heredity and environment. The students will do some hands on activities by constructing a model which represents DNA. They will explore plants with the exact same heredity and plants with different heredity.They will change the conditions in the environment to see the way the plant organisms with the same heredity may develop differently in different environments and why organisms with different heredity develop in the matter in which they do. Heredity is not the only thing that effects development. The environment also has an important effect. The unit can be taught to students in grades five through eight. The science and math teachers are encouraged to use a team teaching approach. Other features that will be included in the unit are content, lesson plans, resources, reading list and a bibliography.Genes and DNA DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, ma kes up the genes that transmits hereditary traits. The DNA molecule looks like a long, twisted rope ladder. This is called the double helix. The ladder is made up of two coiled strands with rungs between them. The rungs are composed of pairs of chemicals in different combinations. Each combination carries instructions like the dot and dashes of the Morse Code. Each gene in the body is a DNA section with full set of instructions for guiding the formation of just one particular protein. The different proteins made by the genes direct the body? functions throughout a person? s life. DNA is made of six parts: a sugar, a mineral (phosphate), and four special chemicals called bases. These bases are represented as A;T;C; and G. Sugar and phosphate form the chains, or sides, of the staircase. The A;G;C and T bases form the steps. See figure 1. Each step is made of two pieces, which are always paired the same way. The A base always pairs with the T base. And the G base always pairs with the C base. Figure 1. DNA Structure (figure available in print form) DNA Reproduces Itself Two new identical DNAs are immediately formed.The A,G,C, and T bases on each chain attract loose bases found floating within the nucleus. Ts attract As and Cs attract Gs. The two new DNAs are just like the original DNA. Each strand directs the synthesis of a complementary strand. The replication of DNA is the key to heredity, the passing of traits from parents to offspring. DNA replication results in the formation of new reproductive cells. It also results in the formation of new cells, which is important for the growth of an organism. See Fig. 2. Figure 2. (figure available in print form) Watson-Crick?DNA Replication-Redrawn from version in Levine, Genetics, Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1968. Chromosomes Genes and chromosomes provide the genetic link between generations. Chromosomes are strands of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of virtually every cell, but with few exceptions seen only during t he process of cell division. The number of chromosomes in a cell is characteristic of the species. Some have very few, whereas others may have more than a hundred. Ordinarily, every cell in the body of an organism contains the same number of chromosomes.The most important exception is found in the case of gametes where half the usual number is found. Human beings have 46 chromosomes in each cell, with the exception of the spermatozoa in males and the ova in females, each of which has 23 chromosomes. Human chromosomes occur in pairs, the total 46 consisting of 23 pairs; 22 pairs of autosomes which are non-sex determining chromosomes. The member of a pair are essentially identical, with the exception of sex chromosomes in males, and each pair is different from any other pair. Plants and animals inherit chromosomes from their parents.Each plant and animal cell has a set of chromosomes. Chromosomes, then, control the heredity of an organism. They carry the blueprint that determines what kind of organism will develop. Some Relationship Between Heredity And Environment Organisms can transmit some hereditary conditions to their offspring even if the parents do not show the trait. In the small, familiar fruit fly. Drosophila, there is a hereditary trait in which the wings curl up sharply if the files are raised at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. If, however, the files are raised at a lower temperature, such as 16 degrees Celsius then the trait rarely appears.The wings seem to be straight, and the flies look normal. The genetic trait is there, however, and will reappear in the next generation if the temperature returns to 25 degrees Celsius. See fig. 3. A similar type of inheritance appears in plants. In some types of corn the kernels will remain yellow until they are exposed to sunlight. Once exposed, the kernels become various shades of red and purple. Some traits do not appear to be affected by the environment. One of the first hereditary traits studied in huma ns was polydactyly. An individual with polydactyly has more than ten figures or toes.See fig. 4. This trait does not seem to be affected by the environment at all. Other human traits like color blindness, baldness, blood type, skin color, the ability to taste certain substances, the presence or absence of hairs on the middle of the fingers, and free or attached ear lobes do not seem to be influenced by the environment. (figure available in print form) Figure 3? This diagram shows how temperature affects curly-wing trait in Drosophila. If the third generation of curly-winged flies had been raised in 16? C environment.Source:Redrawn from Biological Science, Houghton, Mifflin Co. , Boston, 1963, p. 379. Figure 4? An example of polydactyly. Extra digits on either hands or feet are almost always abnormal in structure. (figure available in print form) Source: Biological Science, Houghton Mifflin Co. , Boston, 1963. p. 380. A common cited example of an environmental effect on phenotype is the coloring of Siamese Cats, although these cats have a genotype for dark fur, the enzymes that produce the dark coloring function best at temperatures below the normal body temperature of the cat.Siamese Cats are noted for the dark markings on their ears, nose, paws, tail, and all areas that have a low body temperature. If the hair on the cat? s belly is shaved and an ice pack is applied, the replacement hair will be dark. Likewise, a shaved tail, kept at higher than normal temperatures, would soon be covered with light colored fur. These changes are temporary, however, unless the ice pack or heat source is maintained permanently. The most celebrated effect of an environmental agent directly affecting the unborn, is that produced by the rubella virus.This German measles virus is capable of crossing the placenta from mother to child, and the prenatal infection, if it occurs early enough, may result in deafness and other damage to the child. Similarly, maternal infection with the ra re protozoan parasite Toxoplasma can cause serious congenital defects in the fetus, and the same has been suspected for Asian influenza. Another environmental factor is anoxia. Anoxia is a natural hazard of childbirth, and in most cases the infant makes a normal adjustment to it.When infants suffer from delayed respiration or asphyxia during birth, it is widely accepted that this is responsible for later difficulties such neurologic abnormalities. Warburton and Fraser have emphasized that the development of a fetus depends on a precise and extremely intricate system of interactions between two sets of hereditary factors and two environments, all acting at the same time on the growing baby. The mother and the fetus each have their own environment and their own genotype.

Media politics and intercention

Edward Bernays made important works in the field of public relation. His thoughts and views were pessimistic. It was clearly manifested in his theory that man must be controlled in order to attain democracy. He was known to be a follower of his uncle (Sigmund Freud). Freud’s ideas on man’s behavior were supported by Bernays. His works were greatly appreciated by critics. His outlooks also change traditional views on things such food and perception of women. Amusingly, he plays a vital role in the mass sales of cigarettes in the United States. Nowadays, Bernays’ theories have been applied in various political movements in gaining and achieving profit and power.   Moreover, his theories have great impact on American business because it deals mainly on acquiring profits. US administrations used Freud’s and Bernays’ political concepts to â€Å"exploit the subconscious factors that infuse fear and paranoia among the masses†¦ all in the name of democracy (Baroud, 2007).† Anti and pros are everywhere. Anti-democratic groups have made their leap to denounce democratic insights and perceptions. Anti-democratic movements were discontented about democratic advocates’ visions and objectives. Furthermore, Bernays’ influence is still gained its rewards. Without his ideas the concept of democracy, consumer citizenship and political states and all other aspects of politics were not yet unveiled up to now. Summary of The Convenience Denial A controversy on a CNN has been attached to it when a CNN’s new operators made some denial on the â€Å"liberal media† issue.   In addition to this, a former CNN executive made some defense on â€Å"War made Easy† film which seems to be the talk of the town during its release. Also Eason Jordan, CNN News chief executive made some boastful remarks about the network’s structure of professional military expertise. Eason Jordan was the executive during the extensive invasion US troops in Iraq. In line with Jordan’s comments, Inter Press released statements saying that his comment would surely â€Å"infuriate any veteran reporter who upholds the most basic and important tenet of journalistic profession: independence (Solomon, 2007).† Jordan was also criticized by his subordinate, Christina Davidson in connection to Jordan’s criticism on â€Å"War made Easy†. War made Easy is actually a film which gives the idea that â€Å"all of the cable networks were actively complicit in promoting the†Ã¢â‚¬â€the result of chronic biases rather than â€Å"journalistic laziness (Solomon, 2007).† CNN is known to be a form of â€Å"liberal media†. Jordan was accused of supporting Baghdad Government and even after the fall of Saddam Hussein. One important insight here is that â€Å"Often journalists blame government for the failure of the journalist to do independent reporting- we may be the news media, but we’re on the same side and the same page as the Pentagon (Solomon, 2007).† Reference: Baroud, Ramzy. The Art of War, Democracy and Public Relations. Retrieved September 26, 2007   Ã‚  from http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article18221.htm Solomon, Norman. The Convenience Denial. Retrieved September 26, 2007 from http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article18203.htm               

Torvald Helmers Monologue From A Dolls House

Torvald Helmer's Monologue From 'A Doll's House' Torvald Helmer, the male lead in A Doll’s House, can be interpreted in several ways. Many readers view him as a domineering, self-righteous control freak. Yet, Torvald can also be seen as a cowardly, misguided but sympathetic husband who fails to live up to his own ideal. In either case, one thing is for certain: He does not understand his wife. In this scene, Torvald reveals his ignorance. Moments before this monolog he declared he no longer loved his wife because she had brought shame and legal calamity to his good name. When that conflict suddenly evaporates, Torvald recants all of his hurtful words and expects the marriage to go back to â€Å"normal.† Unbeknownst to Torvald, his wife Nora is packing up her things during his speech. As he speaks these lines, he believes he is repairing her wounded feelings. In truth, she has outgrown him and plans to leave their home forever. The Monologue Torvald:(Standing at Nora’s doorway.) Try and calm yourself, and make your mind easy again, my frightened little singing-bird. Be at rest, and feel secure; I have broad wings to shelter you under. (Walks up and down by the door.) How warm and cozy our home is, Nora. Here is a shelter for you; here I will protect you like a hunted dove that I have saved from a hawks claws; I will bring peace to your poor beating heart. It will come, little by little, Nora, believe me. Tomorrow morning you will look upon it all quite differently; soon everything will be just as it was before. Very soon you wont need me to assure you that I have forgiven you; you will yourself feel the certainty that I have done so. Can you suppose I should ever think of such a thing as repudiating you or even reproaching you? You have no idea what a true mans heart is like, Nora. There is something so indescribably sweet and satisfying, to a man, in the knowledge that he has forgiven his wife- forgiven her freely, and with all his heart. It seems as if that had made her, as it were, doubly his own; he has given her a new life, so to speak, and she is in a way become both wife and child to him. So you shall be for me after this, my little scared, helpless darling. Have no anxiety about anything, Nora; only be frank and open with me, and I will serve as will and conscience both to you- . What is this? Not gone to bed? Have you changed your things?

Classroom Essays

Classroom Essays Classroom Essay Classroom Essay Twenty-seven years of neo-conservative, corporatist economic policy has gutted the United States from within, bringing the nation to the brink of a collapse that will destroy democracy and replace it with an economic, imperialist kind of corporate and theocratic fascism. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the nation’s public schools. Thomas Jefferson fervently believed that a well-educated middle class was vital to the survival of democracy, which is something that Reagan conservatives knew all to well. Since 1980, there has been an unrelenting attack on the middle-class by a moneyed oligarchy that is determined to reduce a once powerful and much admired nation to the status of a third-rate banana republic where a few wealthy families live in luxury inside of walled enclaves by sucking the life-blood out of a huge, impoverished population of peasants. Nowhere have they been more successful in tearing down democracy than in the public schools. In her book, Inside Mrs. B’s Classroom, Leslie Baldacci – who in 1999 left a secure, prestigious position at the Chicago Sun-Times (now little more than a corporate propaganda mouthpiece for the Bush Administration, like most of today’s mainstream media) to teach in one of the â€Å"toughest† schools in   a severely impoverished inner-city neighbourhood. Ms. Baldacci, not surprisingly, was unaware of the neo-con agenda and political and economic machinations behind the nation’s educational crisis, but she could clearly see, and was an expert on the results – which are typical of any hyper-capitalist society that relentlessly steals wealth from those who work for it and hand it over to a bloated, predatory â€Å"investor† class. After years of calling upon civic leaders to do something about the problem, she decided to roll up her sleeves and do something about it herself, becoming a classroom teacher. Like many who go into the teaching profession today, she was motivated by admirable – if naà ¯ve – ideals and expectations. What she discovered is that her â€Å"classroom was just one deck chair on the Titanic†(2004, 5). The opening page is both a literal image and an allegory of the U.S. public school system: a â€Å"broken, gutted desk, its drawers long gone. Chairs in various states of disrepair and other junk†¦Pipes†¦taped and painted over in a pitiful attempt to contain the deadly asbestos that had insulated them for decades† (1). Baldacci pulls no punches as she describes in blood-curdling detail what amounts to a war zone from a third-world country – located in one of the richest cities in the wealthiest, more powerful nation on earth. Any true American reading through her account should feel shame, embarrassment and righteous outrage toward the self-serving, back-stabbing politicians who for thirty years have been nothing more than whores to a blood-sucking capitalist corporate machine that hates democracy, hates freedom and hates America far more than any militant Islamist – and is willing to destroy her so that CEOs and stockholders can live in lackadaisical luxury as children around them die for want of food and medical care, or kill each other over scraps .   The similarity between Baldacci’s images of her school and its South Side Chicago neighborhood and downtown Baghdad or Mogadishu are not unexpected. According to Baldacci, one-third of all new teachers quite after three years, and half quit after five (6). Others – â€Å"mavericks† – are invariably driven out.   The author displayed uncommon courage in taking the step she did, changing careers at midlife. She was not alone; many of her acquaintances made similar moves. What touches us about Baldacci was her motivation: she wanted to make a difference in a system that continues to be dismantled today by politicians who are hopelessly beholden to private, corporate interests. In becoming a teacher, she incurred a 33% reduction in pay in order to do a job that is highly stressful, thankless, and often downright dangerous. Teaching is a profession in which colleagues often will stab their fellows in the back out of jealousy; administrators act like monarchs; it is a profession in which one can be accused of wrongdoing and dismissed without ever knowing what the accusation was or being given an opportunity to de fend one’s self; simply an accusation of wrongdoing by a student – whether true or not – can destroy a career. Why did Baldacci ever decide to undertake such a job? She tells a colleague: â€Å"Because a voice called, and I answered† (53). Ultimately, Baldacci succeeds in the face of overcrowded classrooms, endless behaviour problems, a complete lack of faculty or administrative support (no surprise there) and a huge workload that would be the undoing of most mortals. After a time, she was able to reach these children, possibly because her journalism training had given her greater powers of observation, with the ability and willingness to â€Å"drill down,† and get the story behind the story. Assuming that Americans are able – or even willing – to take their country back from neo-con corporate fascists and the Christian Taliban who threaten the very foundations of our freedom, it is possible that, as resources are taken away from the parasite investor class and restored to society in order to provide for basic needs, teachers who work not from theory and a bunch of â€Å"methodology† drivel and psychobabble, but rather with their eyes, ears, hands and hearts – like Leslie Baldacci – will be instrumental in restoring the Jeffersonian Ideal – quality public education as the foundation of   a healthy, vibrant, functioning democracy.

Japanese Writing Systems

Japanese Writing Systems Kanji was introduced to Japan nearly 2,000 years ago. It is said that 50,000 kanji characters exist, though only about 5,000 to 10,000 are commonly used. After W.W.II, the Japanese government designated 1,945 basic characters as Joyo Kanji (commonly used kanji), which is used in textbooks and official writings. In Japan, one learns about the 1006 basic characters from Joyo Kanji, in elementary school. A lot of time is spent at school learning kanji. It would be very helpful for you to learn all the Joyo Kanji, but the basic 1,000 characters are sufficient to read about 90% of the kanji used in a newspaper (about 60% with 500 characters). Since childrens books use less kanji, they would be a good resource to practice your reading. There are other scripts to write Japanese beside kanji. They are hiragana and katakana. Japanese is commonly written with a combination of the all three. If you want to learn Japanese writing, start with hiragana and katakana, then kanji. Hiragana and katakana are simpler than kanji, and have only 46 characters each. It is possible to write an entire Japanese sentence in hiragana. Japanese children start to read and write in hiragana before making an attempt to learn some of the two thousand kanji commonly used. Here are some lessons about Japanese writing. Hiragana LessonsKatakana LessonsKanji Lessons

The Advantages and Disadvantages during the Simulation Essay

The Advantages and Disadvantages during the Simulation - Essay Example Financial Statement represents information exhibiting firms’ performance. The balance sheet shows financial position of the firm at one point in time while income statement shows the profit and loose for the previous year (Curkovic, 2000). The 21st-century car challenge is a simulation that illustrates the various impacts of engineering decisions in an automobile industrial and global environment. Engineering decisions impact the financial performances of each competing company and are assessed by customers. Using a good business strategy is the key to win in this simulation. As I did this simulation as a member of the Red Team, we need to define product by making decisions about engineering and sell it by taking marketing decisions, also manufacture, invest, and decide on quality, human resource and loans in order to optimize profitability and return on capital employed (Mega learning, 2012). This report will be divided to be 4parts: advantages and disadvantages of the strategy we did, alternative options, the optimum strategy, and conclusion. At the first period, the Red Team faced to the problems of the high cost of non-quality, a low competitive advantage in the next period, low EBIT, the low value of share price compared with competitors, high rate of stocks, and low percentages of employee morale. Because we focused on IMAGE cars and Family cars only, so we used the strategy of beyond current expectations by improving their quality through invested much in engineering and marketing and we did not invest in manufacturer facilities and Human Resource and Quality due to the limited budget. We decided to solve problems in the next period by using product development and market development strategies with the focus of IMAGE cars as the main product. The share price and EBIT grew up as a result but other products still had a lot of inventories.  

BHS 328 - Team Building (Mod 3 CBA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BHS 328 - Team Building (Mod 3 CBA) - Essay Example nt helps to nurture a culture where every individual is given an equal opportunity regardless of his/her designation, age, gender and race to participate in an organization’s decision making process. In recent years, there has been a growing number of organizations that focus on delegating power to employees to make decisions since it warrants an environment where everyone can give their opinion and this not only enhances the creativity of an individual, it also increases the sense of ownership. In Books4Us, there is a concept of authoritative management which requires that every employee needs to ask his/her manager for making decisions which hampers him/her from taking any risk and thinking out-of-the box. Due to stiff competition, the organization needs innovation ideas to capture the market share but due to low level of empowerment, employees rely on their managers to give them instructions for each task regardless of its complexity and novelty. An Open Book Management culture will encourage employees to study the external environment and leverage the strengths of the organization to avail the opportunities at hand. Moreover, delegating authority to employees helps in building trust between the employee and his superior since the employee senses that he is trusted with the job therefore he strives to his best capability and this results in a higher-level of motivation. Lack of empowerment has resulted in lack of shared vision, mission and goals due to which every employee is pursuing personal goals and focusing on individual achievement rather than the success of Books4us. Increase in the level of authority held by each employee will result in the organization working as a team seeking identical objectives rather than acting as discrete groups. â€Å"What better way to tap into workers brains as well as their brawn than to encourage them to think on the job, to bring to it a greater sense of professionalism and self-motivation and to feel committed to the

Scenario Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Scenario Analysis - Essay Example In this distribution plan, the major focus in how CB’s products are to reach the intended customers. In order to be able to sell products to customers, the first significant factor that CB ought to consider doing is carrying out a market research. Market research helps in providing the company with information about the customer; what the customer normally purchases and where the customer does the purchase (Debelak, 2005). For CB to also successfully reach its customers it must also determine how their product will reach the intended customer. Additionally, the company must have the knowledge on whoever will be involved in the product delivery process right from the company’s warehouse to the consumer. This is what is called the distribution channel or chain. Therefore, defining distribution channel and the role that the company plays in distribution process are some of the significant components of CB’s marketing plan. Moreover, through analyzing the distributio n channels and evaluating them to the resources of the company, it is possible to determine which distribution alternative is best for the company. This is one of the distribution alternatives that CB can consider using. Direct selling is a form of product distribution whereby the producer directly sells the product to the customer. One of the oldest direct selling forms’ is peddling; however, currently there are modern forms of direct selling, which include party plan sales, personal contact arrangements, one-on-one demonstrations, and internet sales (Debelak, 2005). Therefore direct selling can also be defined as the direct personal demonstration, presentation, and products’ sale to customers, usually at their places of convenience. Since CB is a company that makes sales to various companies worldwide, it needs to consider direct selling. One compelling reason for this is the report that was recently revealed by the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations (WFDSA). The

Whirlpool Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Whirlpool Corporation - Essay Example This was compounded by other raw material costs as well leading to a larger end user price which immediately required the attention of the company. 3. In addition to these, Whirlpool also felt that the service support was an unique selling proposition since most of the Asian companies did not have an elaborate service network. In case of Whirlpool they had operations in 170 countries which made it easy and they wanted to make it more effective. It is important that these issues are addressed in their ERP solution. The ERP solution was expected to provide a solution to these key issues. Primarily, it was expected to reduce the cost of production: 2. Reducing the stock on hand and the inventory, both raw material, intermediate and finished goods. This was expected to bring down the holding cost of the product as well. This would also reduce the cost of production. 5. The company also tried to build relationships with various vendors across the globe which would result in outsourcing some of the products that these people can produce for much lesser. This will again bring down the price of the product further. 6. The transportation cost and the raw material cost though they have increased, optimizing the supply and by clubbing together supplies, moving them to the nearest point for fabrication work would all bring down the cost of production. All this would bring down the cost of the end product for the customer. This was what the customer expects. Also cutting down the cost of production would improve the profit margins that the company had. Implementing ERP would bring down the material movement; reduce the stock holding costs in terms of both raw materials and finished goods. There will also better production planning. All this would help in reducing the cost of production further and increasing the margins the company had. ERP

Assessment within a Therapeutic Relationship Essay

Assessment within a Therapeutic Relationship - Essay Example 2011, p. S98) and anxiety disorders (Boschen, and Oei, 2008, p. 811). It serves as an integrated approach in the holistic care of a patient as it inculcates the biopsychosocial assessment of the client and the management plan designed (Williams, and Garlnad, 2002, p. 172). Assessment is usually the first stage prior to a counselling intervention on any patient. It is through assessment that valuable information about the patient is collected and aids in designing action plans for the patient. Farrington, & Telford, (1996, p. 77) defines an assessment style as involving scanning of the available information about a client, selecting the necessary and appropriate information for the case, and selecting the interventions to implement. CBT assessment is aimed at formulating problems that the patient may be going through. It involves linking the feelings, thoughts and behaviours of the patient into a congruent explanation. The counsellor during the assessment reviews the current history of the patient to determine the possible trigger to the current psychological state. Thereafter, an assessment of the personal history of the patient is conducted to determine predisposing factors to the patient that upon assessment may aid in diagnosing the patient (Marsha ll, & Turnbull, 1996, p. 31). CBT assessment approach is aimed at assessing the cognitive and behavioural patterns in the life of the client and tailoring therapies that address these inadequacies. As pertains to the cognitive, these are the thought and thinking processes of a patient that become hyperbolic following a psychiatric disorder and the patient has no control over the intriguing thoughts. Cognitive assessment is aimed at aiding the patient to deal positively with the thoughts (Williams, et al. 1997, p. 72). Behavioral assessment is aimed at finding the change in behaviour patterns of the client that alter the effective performance of activities of daily living This assessment develops a 5 figure

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 111

Case Study Example The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) might influence my neighborhood’s need by enhancing the access to health care for the vulnerable clients especially the uninsured and destitute patients (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). Moreover, the HRSA makes positive contributions in health care delivery that might involve establishing long-term and sustainable programs that address neighborhood’s health care need. HRSA might also influence my neighborhood’s need by training and developing more health professionals to gain sufficient skills to address health needs of the poor in an efficient and cost effective manner. I must develop a plan to address care costs for my clients. The plan will include encouraging and helping the clients to claim all their health benefits. It also includes urging clients to apply for NHS-funded care that caters for all care costs (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). I will also advice the clients to purchase "care fees annuity† that will ensure that they receive guaranteed income for life. Moreover, clients should adopt preventive care that entails visiting the doctor for physical and medical check-up that reduces health care costs for the entire family. Clients can also perform self-exams, eat healthy foods, and exercise regularly to improve their immunity. I would also encourage my clients to visit state-sponsored health facilities and negotiate health

Assessment within a Therapeutic Relationship Essay

Assessment within a Therapeutic Relationship - Essay Example 2011, p. S98) and anxiety disorders (Boschen, and Oei, 2008, p. 811). It serves as an integrated approach in the holistic care of a patient as it inculcates the biopsychosocial assessment of the client and the management plan designed (Williams, and Garlnad, 2002, p. 172). Assessment is usually the first stage prior to a counselling intervention on any patient. It is through assessment that valuable information about the patient is collected and aids in designing action plans for the patient. Farrington, & Telford, (1996, p. 77) defines an assessment style as involving scanning of the available information about a client, selecting the necessary and appropriate information for the case, and selecting the interventions to implement. CBT assessment is aimed at formulating problems that the patient may be going through. It involves linking the feelings, thoughts and behaviours of the patient into a congruent explanation. The counsellor during the assessment reviews the current history of the patient to determine the possible trigger to the current psychological state. Thereafter, an assessment of the personal history of the patient is conducted to determine predisposing factors to the patient that upon assessment may aid in diagnosing the patient (Marsha ll, & Turnbull, 1996, p. 31). CBT assessment approach is aimed at assessing the cognitive and behavioural patterns in the life of the client and tailoring therapies that address these inadequacies. As pertains to the cognitive, these are the thought and thinking processes of a patient that become hyperbolic following a psychiatric disorder and the patient has no control over the intriguing thoughts. Cognitive assessment is aimed at aiding the patient to deal positively with the thoughts (Williams, et al. 1997, p. 72). Behavioral assessment is aimed at finding the change in behaviour patterns of the client that alter the effective performance of activities of daily living This assessment develops a 5 figure

Trends and profitability Essay Example for Free

Trends and profitability Essay Construction has grown dramatically because of trends. It has been said By the year 2000, there were 10 times as many people on Earth as there were 300 years ago and As of October 2008, the worlds population is estimated to be about 6. 7 billion, the population of the world human population increased by 203,800 every day. Due to this reason contuctions have increased; building more homes, renewing buildings etc for the population. Clothe manufacturing has grown because of fashion, trends and profitability. So many people need clothes around the world, for this reason clothes manufacturers increase and produce more clothes they are a number of manufactures in the world which produce different style of clothing which some are fashion e. g nike and addidas for instance, nike is a globally known brand and is worn by all ages starting from children to adults this brand has become very profitable for their business. clothes manufactures grow because of the human population in the world the more people the more they sell this is why clothe manufacturing is profitable. Secondary sector-Decline Car manufacturing is declining in the UK because of technological developments and foreign imports. High tax rate is also another reason, car businesses in UK are decreasing because of various cars being imported from different countries, such as BMW, VW, Honda, Mercedes etc these cars are preferred by people living in the UK because it their high quality and economy. Other reasons is because of tax rate being too high which makes it hard to maintain a factory in the UK and car materials being too expensive to purchase and produce in this country. Some businesses in the UK buy a share of companies abroad to import cars and make profit in the UK Mini disc is a music player; you can listen to music and record sound. Mini disc manufacturers are absolute declining because of technological developments. 2-3 years ago mini disc was a fashionable item to have; everybody used them to listen to music and was very popular. Now since technology has developed audio manufactures produced new products to listen to music such as cd players, Ipods, mobile phones and MP3 some of these items are popular and known globally, a percentage of the people use these items to listen to music. Tertiary sector-Growth Online shopping is growing because of technological developments and lifestyle. Technology has developed in the last few years, online shopping has become more common and now it is easier and quicker to purchase products online, now you can buy all sorts of products on the internet clothe wears, accessories and foods, by using the internet people can shop easily. People prefer shopping on the internet rather than shopping in the markets because of long ques, spending money on travel and comfortability when shopping at home. Estate agencies are growing because of trends and profitability. The human population has risen in the last 300 years; more homes have been built for this reason. So many people intend to purchase a house, so they can have a house of their own and a number of people buy houses from agents to sell them to private individuals and make profit. The statistics say a numerous of houses are being sold every year. Tertiary sector-Decline Music retail is declining because of technological developments. 3-4 years ago in most markets they were loads of music stores available providing various kinds of music in cds, tapes, cassettes etc, now since technology has developed music stores are less of its numbers because of computers and internets; these two components are used to download and listen to music, you can listen to different type of music off the internet for free. People dont need to buy cds to listen to music anymore they can just download it off the internet from different sources for free. Analogue TV retailers are absolute declining because of technological developments and analogue TVs were very common and was used by everybody in the past. When technology developed TV manufacturers produced new high definition television with more specifications such as built in DVD players, blue ray, Radio etc. Analogues TVs are getting old and becoming unwanted products since everybody is interested in more advanced televisions. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Rate_of_increase http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtml www.wikipedia.org/wiki/fish_farm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

The huge volume of guidance for leaders

The huge volume of guidance for leaders Essay title: The huge volume of guidance for leaders is a clear indication of the desire of those who can’t lead, to lead. In place of becoming leaders they become obedient followers of the latest ‘leadership’ fashions and fads. There is no direct route for leadership. It requires so many years of hard work, time and lots of communication to high profile person in strategic positions. Leader is a person who finds out the right way for followers in which direction, they can get success. For example, teams in major league cricket matches won more games when players perceived the coach as an effective leader. In India, â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi† leads people together and got independence for country. According to Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy management and leadership can be differentiated by identity, to understand and define leadership, it can be taken as emergent and desirable which is intangible, unknowable and nebulous while management taken as default identity which is specific and pragmatic (Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy, 2008). About fads and fashions of leadership, it is a growing issue. Fashions are not remaining stable how to appear or ways of working that are popular during certain periods while fads are usually understood to be short-lived fashions. There are lots of management fads and fashion after Second World War such as, Acceptable Risk, Assessment Centers, Business Ethics, Centralization, Computerization, Distributed Intelligence, Job Enrichment, Job Sharing, Knowledge Management, Outsourcing, Privatization etc. and they all flourished to a varying extent (Carl V. Rabstejnek). â€Å"Some fads were short-lived and others have stood the test of time â€Å"(Carl V. Rabstejnek, pg. 1). GUIDANCE FOR BEING LEADER The leader leads his people towards the goal. He is the person who can get his people to follow him. He is the one who is looked up to, whose judgment is trusted, and who inspires the people working with him and for him. Good leader should be motivating, inspiring and able to manage people. Leader should be charismatic and being visionary and have ability to acting decisively. There is very complex opinion about leadership either can take it as based on personality and physical traits or based on prescribed behaviors. Leadership can define in terms of power relationship between leaders and followers. As good leaders, they must try to get employees to concentrate around common goal and should have creative vision and strategic plan for an organization. Decisiveness is very important characteristic because every leader has to be taking some difficult decision in job. They have to take decision that shows firmness and leads the team towards the desired goal. Great leader never take step back during the hard situation. They react according to the time and situation. Leader has to be aware about the surroundings, their people’s working style and nature, about their boss, about the company’s desired goal and strategy. So, leader can be preplanned what to do in future and in such type of situation. By understanding the problem and situation, leaders have to take wise decisions that lead team towards the goal. Attitude of leader is also an important factor in team work because it determines the action and affects the people’s working style. Leader has to be optimistic and should be become the source of positive energy that inspires the others. Great leaders are always aware of their people’s thinking, their problems and needs. Leaders have to try to solve their problems which improve the outcome of work. People inspired by this because when they get positive response from leader, they feel satisfaction. This helps to make effective and efficient work environment in which people work together willingly. To make leadership successful, engagement is necessary because by engaging the all team members together helping the team to share their ideas and contributions which lead the team towards the desired goal. Empowerment and collaborations are also needed because by this team members do not feel suppressed and ignored and feel the part of team which leads the team to work together. They will show willingness to work together with positive attitude which take them towards the team’s success. Rewarding is also considering an important factor in leadership because it motivates the team members. When team member has been rewarded for their good work, they feel satisfaction which built the positive response towards the work. Team work output increases with this. Self-assessment is also needed because by this, one can know his weakness and strength points. Leadership skills may be improved by concentrating on the weakness point. Knowing the organizational goals and purpose is also needed to lead the team towards the success. Communication between leader and their team members should be honest and open. Leader has to know the each team member members’ capacity, skill and working style so it will be more effective to distribute the work. Clear vision about goal and how to achieve it is necessary. Leader has to think analytically and leads the team with focused towards the main goal. Trust worthy, passion and dedication with maintaining the high standard are necessary to get success. Leader has to be calm, confident enough and should be enthusiastic about their work with great commitment towards the hard work for desired output. COMPARE AND CONTRAST LEADERS AND FOLLOWER To differentiate leader from follower is difficult; they have several similarities as well as also have some differences. In leadership, one should have to take risk and lead the team; have ability to see opportunity that other cannot see. Both should be able to learn from someone or something. Leaders must be independent and isolated and should not rely on anyone but himself and have to be entrepreneurial and make workplace culture better by working with generous purpose. Good leadership is needed to solve problems and to navigate unexpected circumstances Followers only need to be competent during the battle and must be able to carry out orders by their leader, with their own ability while at other times; they have no need to be that competent. They could ask for help from their friends but in contrast, Leader cannot ask for help from his followers or else his followers would consider him incompetent. Being a follower is easier than being a leader because leader has to be isolated a nd should have ability to solve his own problems. Leadership can be as successful or effective or both. Successful leadership but not effective- In this pattern, leader’s style may not compatible; but follower does the job because of leader’s power and position. They obey the command and follow his idea. Effective leadership- the followers may do the job willingly to cooperate because the leader’s request satisfies the follower’s needs or goal. Successful leadership-it emphasises upon position, power and close supervision. There are lots of different views about leadership, either it is a product of individual that assume one’s behavior, styles, traits or a behavior rational, it may be taken as a socially constructed phenomena elsewhere some thinks that leader as a power holder (Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013). Leadership position not hold s permanent role in organization ,instead of this, it gives opportunity to others who can take this role and lead in future, Individual leader has a crucial role for formation, growth and success, in certain situation when individual can take more than one active leadership role in organization(Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013) . GREAT FOLLOWERS As leader, it is very important to know about that how to follow and how to lead. Many people believe that if you want to become a good leader then you must be a good follower. Some characteristic about good follower: Well finisher- Good followers always concentrate on their task and complete their task according to preplanned. Clear vision-they understand their power and position and it is equally important to understand their role as a leader. Loyalty-Good followers always try to avoid telling bad things about their boss/leader in public. It does not means that they are completely agree with their boss/leader but only do not want to do things in public because to influence the public it is needed to become public loyal. Good followers are obedient enough and humble. Awareness of surrounding –Good follower is well aware of surrounding situations and people. They always try to learn about people behavior and their thinking and how they affect in his work and what is going wrong and then make changes according to demands. Own thinking-To becomes a good follower, you are able to think on your own and decide what is right and what is wrong. Good followers always take side to leader and support them when they are doing right. GREAT LEADER AS A GOOD FOLLOWER Many qualities are same between leaders and followers. A great leader follows the same trait as followers do but change their style and do some modification in it. Great leader knows their boundary and limitation very well. Good leadership is the golden key to get best performance. Need to imply your own clear sets of values and belief and also have to make clear vision for all. Develop some creative ideas for the organization to make changes and reach up to desire goal. From this perspective, leaders are always try that people follow the process and in this way leader always think themselves as a follower. There is very important reason to leaders that they have to follow because no one can do it alone and have to create and utilize the energy, ideas and full potential of everyone. Leadership requires a close study of human behavior. It is the people who are the factors of importance. There are many different points of view about leadership. One belief is that leadership has to be taught while some are of the view that leaders can’t be made by teaching or training. In this modern age, new leaders are coming but most of them fail to cultivate their inner strength, ability to guide the people, to lead the people. There are three basic steps which are followed mostly in the process of training. Information is the first step, gets from simple reading and continuous study which then converted into knowledge. Wisdom is the transformation of knowledge. Trained person has to be able to transfer the knowledge into the practice. As a result of training, one should become more self-confident. On receiving training, knowledgeable person becomes capable of taking his own decisions and at this stage; person visualizes the truth-real understanding. There are few requir ements to reach to the truth, in ascending direction that are desire to learn, listening to the teacher, learning, retention, understanding, reflection, rejection of false views and truth. Human relationship gains the most attraction for a leader for the obvious reasons that the leader leads people. For any business, workforce is the basic requirement and for accomplishment leader has to understand people. Common logic reason behind the successful leader is the development of proper appreciation human nature. For this, one should have enough confidence and has to explain to other members about task and targets and how that can be accomplished. Leader should also explain the subordinates about their position and also impact of success or failure on the ultimate goal. If the goal achieved, that is a success of team not a success of leader alone. The leader has to do the required morale boosting apart from handling the work and must to be in touch with his people. It is necessary to show adequate interest in their personal problems. It is better for his people must perceive as their leader becomes the real guardian of their interests. This is necessity to do this as it he lps to maintain respective distance from the people. This concept of distant has been mostly appreciated and understood by successful leader. Thus, taking an overall view, the leader has to be a dynamic person and should have capability to turn the adversity in his favors and to gain this. The leader must have the capacity to concentrate and focus attention on the goal with an aptitude to take timely decisions and have to be sincere in his dealing. He has to show his faithfulness and loyalty towards his mission and the people and should possess a fair knowledge of his job and profession. FADS AND FASHION This broad category can be described as a type of collective behavior that is followed by people for period of time. It follows particular pattern. First is developed and then grows slowly and one time it reaches up to its peak level and remains some time and then gradually decline and disappear. For example: In late 1950s, hula hoop craze occurred in United States. Fads and fashion in management is very confusing and ongoing debate to discuss in recent years because many rhetorical strategies affects them and shape the management and also have long lasting effect, while fashions are developed by the heterogeneous group of actors but doing this, some gaps and weakness may result (Sue Newell, Maxine Robertson and Jacky Swan, 2001). It is important to know the role of fads and fashions in innovations and its diffusion because these two perspectives may benefit organization and helps to evolve efficient innovation by process of adopting and rejecting multiple fads and fashions (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). It may harm the organization by facilitating the inefficient administrative technology and adversely affect the economic performance of organization by doing prompt rejection of administrative technologies like job enrichment, strategic planning units (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). According to Abrahamson, fashion perspective is important because it disseminates new goals as beliefs to the innovations and help to settle down new organizational goals and adoption of innovation (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). Fads and fashion has taken over many leadership positions like managers, board’s members, etc. in organization and they are changing with time (Carl V. Rabstejnek). Fashionable ideas are helpful to filter good thing which can be incorporated into healthy business practices. The bandwagon effect helps to understand why the fads so popular (Carl V. Rabstejnek). In current trade there are lots of things that helping in marketing like newspapers, magazines, journals as a mass media; television, social networking sites like face book, twitter (Carl V. Rabstejnek). Academic journals, business schools, organizations all follows the current trade in market (Carl V. Rabstejnek). CONCLUSION The foregoing discussion shows that training till today is one of the most important function as it is has potential for leading towards the excellence. Human resource development is directly affected by this. Characteristics like honesty, decisiveness, positive attitude, trustworthy, loyalty, clear vision, self-assessment, confidence etc. may be found naturally present in person but can also develop and strengthen it with time and training because these are the foundation of great leadership. To become a great leader they should possesses such characteristic but to become successful, they have to follow latest fashions and fads in market and take decision accordingly. REFERENCES Sue Newell, Maxine Robertson and Jacky Swan, 2001 ‘Management Fads and Fashions’ DOI: 10.1177/135050840181001 Eric Abrahamson, 1991â€Å"Managerial fads and fashions: The diffusion and rejection and innovations Voi. 16, No. 3, 586-612 Carl V. Rabstejnek, â€Å"Management fads and fashions: Leading and Directing Companies by Popular Codified Methods† Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013 â€Å"Anti-leaders (hip) in Social Movement Organizations: The case of autonomous grassroots groups† DOI: 10.1177/1350508413480254 Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy, 2008 â€Å"Defaulting to Management: Leadership Defined By What It Is Not† Volume 15(1): 75–96

Anti-bribery laws in the U.S: Ethics and Airbus Essay -- internationa

International business is risky especially when companies involved play by a different set of rules. Knowing the differences in culture, politics and the primary legal environments of a host country, allows the companies to conduct business and make quality decisions based on the business climate, creating a marketing mix specific to each country and region (CSU, module 3, 2014). Detailed research helps companies create a solid marketing mix, but does not guarantee that the obstacles of payoff’s and bribery won’t hinder the outcome. Below the surface level of many sales negotiations, like those seen in our case study of Boeing and Airbus, are driven not on their marketing mix, quality, reputation or reach, but rather on power, bribery, politics and corruption, which plays a very real role in international business negotiations. Anti-bribery laws in the U.S. were established to prevent the rampant corruption exhibited in the Airbus case study. Similar anti-corruption laws do not exist in many of the host countries the U.S. does business with. Host county’s laws and regulations take on different forms especially when power, money and politics are involved, manipulating or creating a new set of rules to benefit their own selfish needs. Savvy sales negotiators, like those at Airbus, seek opportunities through loop holes, off shore accounts and large sums of bribery money, to entice country officials or others with the authority to make purchases to commit to Airbus. A more uniform worldwide approach to international laws needs to be adapted, implemented and more importantly enforced, so all companies involved can conduct fair business practices under the same set of rules. Legal or Illegal who Benefits Airbus and... ...d sets the foundation for companies to mitigate disputes through conciliation, arbitration, or, as a last resort, litigation. Most international businesspeople prefer a settlement through arbitration rather than by suing a foreign company (Cateora, Gilly & Graham, 2013). Based on marketing strategy, had Airbus adopted anti bribery laws prior to the many cases in question, the outcome might not be favorable to them. It would not have been in the best interest of Airbus to follow commonly accepted business practices established by the U.S.. Works Cited Cateora, P., Gilly, M., & Graham, J. (2013). International Marketing 16th edition: New York, N.Y: Mc Graw-Hill Irwin companies, Inc. Colorado State University-Global Campus. (2010). Case 2-4 - Ethic and Airbus [Blackboard ecourse]. In MKG 400 – International and Multi-Cultural Marketing. Greenwood Village, CO.

Rebel Without a Clue in John Updikes A&P Essay example -- Updike A&P

Rebel Without a Clue in Updike’s A & P  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Adults always stress that it is important to make a good first impression. That is what Sammy was trying to accomplish in John Updike’s "A & P." Although some people believe that Sammy is a hero for standing up for his beliefs when he quit, there is conclusive evidence that he quit in an attempt to impress a girl he was obviously attracted to, Queenie. We know he is attracted to Queenie because he goes to great lengths to tell us what she looks like, what her mannerisms are, and the way that the other girls follow her. For example, he says, "She was the Queen. She kind of led them, the other two peeking around and making their shoulders round" (1026). This simple quote shows that Sammy immediately identified Queenie as the one in charge. Another quote that describes this perfectly is, "but you got the idea that she had talked the other two into coming in here with her, and now she was showing them how to do it, walk slow and hold yourself straight" ( 1026). Naturally Sammy is attracted to Queenie and wants to be noticed by her. Sammy thinks to himself "She must have felt in the corner of her eye me and over my shoulder Stokesie in the second slot watching, but she didn’t trip. Not this queen" (1027). Sammy is surprised to see something like this in his town. He says, "and the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or somet hing before they get out of the car and into the street. And anyway these are usually women with six children and varicose veins mapping their legs and nobody, including them could care less" (1027). Sammy’s descriptions also indicated he had a lot of sexual interest in Queenie. He describes her as vividly as he can. He starts with saying, "With the s... ...will be from there on. Sammy was able to bring attention to himself, but it did not work the way that he had hoped it would. The girls most likely didn’t even acknowledge that he even quit. He tried very hard to get Queenie to see him and accept him, but that didn’t work either. Since Sammy’s attempt to impress the girls did not work, he was left standing in a deep shadow called life. I agree with Nathan Hatcher who wrote, "Sammy quits his job not on a matter of ideals, but rather as a means of showing off and trying to impress the girls, especially Queenie" (37). Works Cited Hatcher, Nathan. "Sammy’s Motive." Ode to Friendship & Other Essays: Student Writing at Virginia Wesleyan College. Ed. Connie Bellamy. Norfolk, Virginia, 1996. 37. Updike, John. "A&P." Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed Sullivan Barnet. NY: HarperCollims, 1989. 1026-1030.      

Fast food †Obesity Essay

Obesity is an epidemic that is sweeping over the United States today. It’s affecting both adults and children. With the increase in fast food availability and a decrease in the time most Americans have to prepare nutritious meals at home, it’s obvious why more people are eating at fast food restaurants. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States and more and more children are being affected. But do uneducated families have the right to put the blame on fast food restaurants for the health issues they could easily prevent? I believe that we are taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity and that it is an individual’s responsibility to take the blame. While R. A. Ames â€Å"The Food Isn’t to Blame† and Richard Daynard â€Å"You Want Fries with That? † use different themes of blaming fast companies and individual decisions to underscore the effects of fast of food on America, the Rahul K. Parikh in â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of Fats Kid† picks up the same theme, he blames advertisements for America’s Obesity. In the article, â€Å"Fast Food Isn’t to Blame? † R. A. Ames states that weight difficulties are the responsibility of the individuals and we should not blame the fast food industry or other biological and environmental causes. Human beings are individuals with the freedom to make their own choices. Nobody forces us to eat anything we do not want to. Choosing to eat fast food is all our own decision, and we put ourselves at risk for obesity. Obesity due to excessive consumption of fast food can only be blamed on our own actions. Fast food chains appear everywhere in today’s world. Home delivery of various foods is more accessible than ever before. These are common excuses when overweight people blame fast food industries for their bodies. Before reading these essays, I already had an opinion about fast food in my mind. I believed that if someone was overweight or obese, that it was no one’s fault but their own. In his essay, however â€Å"You Want Fries with That? † Richard Daynard explained why he believes that today’s fast food industry is largely responsible for the dramatic rise in obesity cases in both children and adults of America. Daynard discussed how the fast food industries played a large role in deceiving the public into buying their food. Daynard said that society needs to find a happy medium when dealing with the fast food industry, whether it be through lawsuits or some other action! Daynard also backed up his claim by using supporting statistics surrounding fast food and obesity in America over the years. Ames’s essay on the other hand used no statistics. He based his entire essay on personal opinion. His frequent use of the word â€Å"I† also made the essay less effective. Overall, Richard Daynard had a much more objective argument about fast food than R. A. Ames. Daynard used specific statistics, and facts about the fast food industry, and he kept himself out of the article for the most part. Daynard was very effective in making me believe his argument. Another essay I have compared R. A. Ames is with Rahul K. Parikh’s â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of Fats Kid† . Both of these essays had strong opinions concerning who is to blame regarding obesity in America. The â€Å"Fast Food Isn’t to Blame† was more persuasive I thought because it placed the blame for the obesity problem on the individual person and what he/she put into their bodies not on the fast food industries. According to R. A. Ames, â€Å"Americans tend to drive to Burger King and order a Double Whopper with Cheese with a King size fries instead of driving to a supermarket and pick up some turkey and whole wheat bread† (326). They are obese because they make a choice to eat fast food themselves, not because fast food chains force them to stop by their restaurants to eat their food. Ames went on to say that instead of people taking responsibility for being obese they are blaming the fast food industry. Ames compared obesity to smoking. He made this comparison because both can be deadly and that in the end â€Å"you still have to put the cigarette in your mouth the same way you put a candy bar. After this Ames said that in the â€Å"land of the free† we are able to make our own decisions but with this freedom we as people have to be responsible for our decisions. Rahul Parikh said in his essay that â€Å"Parents need to take charge of what foods they’re buying and how they’re preparing those foods† (1). This statement is suggesting that instead of blaming fast food companies parents should control their children’s food buying habits. They should limit their television hours where they see all those advertisements that attract them to eat fast foods. Rahul said that companies use superstars, action heroes, cartoons to promote their products in the market that attracts people and mainly children’s. Rahul compared child advertisement to obesity and suggested that today children will see 40,000 advertisements in a year. In this huge number of advertisements, two third of those are for junk and fast food. Ames and Rahul were both arguing that it is our individual choices to eat fast food, so we should not blame companies who provide them. In our society, we are always looking for someone or something to blame for our problems. We seem to want to avoid taking responsibility for our actions and their consequences. Overall obesity has nothing to do with the fast food industry and genetics, but rather the choices. People should be encouraged to take personal responsibility for their actions and realize what they put into their mouths, and that how much exercise they do contributes to their health and well-being. When overweight people admit that they cause their own obesity, they can swiftly move away from being obese and recognize a healthy lifestyle. While in R. A. Ames â€Å"The Food Isn’t to Blame† and Richard Daynard â€Å"You Want Fries with That? † use different themes of blaming fast companies and individual decisions to underscore the effects of fast of food on America, One other hand Rahul K. Parikh â€Å" Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of Fats Kid† has same theme has R. A. Ames essay, he blamed advertisements for America’s Obesity. I have discussed the Ame’s essay with my friends and family. Most of them are agreed with the essay but there were also some people who were disagreed. I eat very precisely, before eating anything I check calories and fat of the product I am going to eat.