American Health Insurance

The Impact of American Health Insurance System on Society’s Development The American healthcare system since the 1990’s had been undergoing issues and problems that remains unsolved and unanswered. According to World Health Organization, for the year 2000, US have been the top country when it comes to responsiveness and expenditures, what is puzzling however, is that the country only ranked 37th in overall performance and 72nd when it comes to the nation’s level of health. The US is the only developed country, except for South Africa, who doesn’t provide all its citizens the health care that they need.Furthermore, the uniqueness of this system that differentiates it from the world is the dominance of the private element over the public element. To start of, in 2003 only 15% of the non-elderly American’s populace were insured in public programs while 67% and 18% were insured in a private health insurance and uninsured respectively (Kao Ching Pua 2006 ). There are mainly 2 types of programs in the public insurance the Medicare and the Medicaid. Medicare is a federal program that covers individuals aged 65 and over, as well as some disabled individuals.It is a single-payer program administered by the government (the only entity to perform the insurance function of reimbursement). Medicare and Medicaid are financed by federal income taxes, a payroll tax shared by employers and employees, and individual enrollee premiums. Another program of the government is the Medicaid program that is deigned for the low-income and disabled. In the Private Insurance Sector there is the employer-sponsored insurance and the Private non-group or the individual market. Employer-sponsored insurance represents the main way in which Americans receive health insurance.Employers provide health insurance as part of the benefits package for employees while it also varies widely. In another note, the individual market covers part of the population that is sel f-employed or retired, as well as those who are unable to obtain through employment. Unlike the employer-sponsored insurance, the individual market allows health insurance companies to deny people coverage based on pre-existing conditions (Kao Ching Pua 2006). The emergence of American Insurance System is like a double-edged sword that can either have positive and negative effects on society’s development.If by far that the insurance program is discriminating in its clients by means that it incurs more than it gives out, then by all means it will simply deter the progress that the society aims for. If a well –organized and efficient American Insurance system is carried out, then more satisfied Americans can go on living, having enough stamina and vigor to face the daily challenges ahead which in turn will be good for the economy. The Three Key Initiatives: 1. The Need for better Access and Coverage IssueNagging issues such as inefficiency and failure in access to healt h care delivery system have taken root. In 2004, 45. 8 million Americans were uninsured (US Census Bureau) and expected to rise accordingly by 50 million in the next decade to come. Between 2000 and 2004 alone, the number of the uninsured had increased to 5. 8 million and among them was low-income families and the working middle class (Serber and Gauthler, 2005). The Degree of Risk The risk that in may turn be involved will be the emergence of dishonest and hoaxed companies that’s only goal is to benefit.It can be prevented if the government can steer hold of these from happening so a fair and competitive business can occur where one can mutually benefit with each other. The Internal and External Environmental Strengths and Weaknesses In which case, the government should step up by expanding their public insurance programs so that they can reach those who have low incomes and those who can’t access in ones due to inappropriateness or lack of credentials. It will be the lack of support and initiative from the government should the case be if ever disadvantages might hold.The Ability of the Organization to Respond to Risks The risks can be minimized if the government can strengthen or devise new laws in which it will create positive effects or support the said initiative. Willingness to Commit to Organizational Enhancement A number of private insurances had been emerging that promises better deals and coverage so that lessening the rate of the uninsured may come in due time. These insurance companies have notice the growing dissatisfaction of the American society and are now currently devising well-developed proposals that can answer to the growing demand.The search for a better proposal as one insurance company competes with the other will improve the system that we have today. The Barriers to Organizational Effectiveness There incurs more expenses in medical fees because individuals themselves are hesitant to approach medical care due to the amou nt of money he will lose without thinking of the future disadvantages that he might hold. The more a mild condition is prolonged without treatment, the more will the expense of fees he will gain when the condition becomes worse.It is because he is uninsured or underinsured, that he is unable to go for a check-up. The Three Key Initiatives: 2. the Need for a Better health insurance Policy Issue Problems (Serber and Gauthler, 2005) like gaps in insurance coverage makes it difficult for an individual to fill-out prescription, see specialists when warranted, undergo a medical test treatment or simply to seek advice for a medical problem. Administrative costs is what most of where the expenses in healthcare comes from. It is noted that in 24% of the dollars spent on health care go to administrative costs alone.If ever there is poor access and coverage in insurance systems, more people will incur more expense, because he will choose not to go to a hospital when what he’s feeling is still mild and only decides to when the conditioned that could be prevented earlier comes to worse. The Degree of Risk Policymakers should take into consideration the short-run and long run effects in the implementation or creation of a new policy as well as to extensively study the implications that may affect or contradict to other existing policies, otherwise it will only add up to the burgeoning problems ahead.The Internal and External Environmental Strengths and Weaknesses Government should devise ways in which to control the system so that worse case scenarios can be prevented and see to it that all can avail the program without any disparities or discrimination in income and race. They should be strict with their implementations and policies as well as provide enough space to allow the flow of things to occur and freedom for one to move freely without much fear. The strengthening of policies can discourage evil doings but the lose implementation can lead to the rise of under ground economies.Much will be received if much can be given. The Ability of the Organization to Respond Risks USA is one of the most powerful and wealthiest countries in the world. The amount of problems cannot be ignored but to sum it up, the government made a fairly great job in running the country and making a better policy on the health system wouldn’t be that much difficult if given attention to. This country is where great minds meet and freedom of thinking is welcomed. Willingness to Commit to Organizational EnhancementWith much received attention from the media, scholars and victims of negligent treatments, issues that will pertain on health will be given a solution to, by the government, hopefully. Its mandate after all is to serve the people. The Barriers To Organizational Effectiveness Up to now, some politicians and insurance choose to be blind saying that there is nothing wrong with the health care system, but as years past, it is becoming more and more visible t hat there is something wrong and unless that problem is acknowledge, then it would never be undone. The Three Key Initiatives: 3. The Need for better Information DispersionIssue There is a saying that if you want something done, you’ve got to do it yourself. The people should know what they want and learn to voice it out. There will be much response from the administrative body if there is a unified cry. The people should be better informed when it comes to the current problems as well as know how can they break down the existing barriers that obstruct their way in leading a better life. The Degree of Risk People may resort to unnecessary means such as violence and brainwashing just to be heard, distorting the truth and forgetting the real aim of the cause.Small problems become big when misunderstandings and hearsay from unreliable sources (e. g. hearsay and liberal media) accumulate. The Internal and External Environmental Strengths and Weaknesses In this manner, it is all u p to the individual of whether he will give response to the ones happening in his environment. There will be a push and pull effect of the truth from the biased. The Ability of the Organization to Respond to Risks An individual by nature is a social being. Americans are well capable of distinguishing which are or which are not to trust.In the end, the experiences that they will gain will guide them through these undertakings and they themselves will know what is true that will in turn help them to decide. Willingness to Commit to Organizational Enhancement There had been a lot of reliable and accessible publications that describes the truth on what is happening to our system. More and more people are now aware of the existing discrepancies and will meet up to the challenge of providing as system that will work for all. The Barriers To Organizational EffectivenessRepressive reports and biased opinions for the sake of personal gain and protection would shatter the cause to spread out the truth to the public creating a much confused and disorganized community. References Gumbel A. (2007). Sicko? The truth about the US healthcare system. Independent News. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://news. independent. co. uk/world/americas Kao-Ping Chua. (2006). Overview of the U. S. Health Care System. AMSA Jack Rutledge Fellow. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from www. amsa. org/uhc/HealthCareSystemOverview. pdf Serber M. and A. Gauthier. (2005).A Need to Transform the US Healthcare System; Improving Access, Quality and Efficiency. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. commonwealthfund. org/publications/publications_show. htm? doc_id=302833 The US Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive? (2001) Bureau of Labor Education. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from dll. umaine. edu/ble/U. S. %20HCweb. pdf William S. Andereck. (2006). Modest proposal: health insurance for every person Drop Medicare, Medicaid and costly insurance. http://www. sfgate. com /cgi-bin/article. cgi? file=/chronicle/archive/2006/08/06/ING9HKAN4E1. DTL. (December 26, 2007).

Cocacola Company

The Coca-Cola Company Name Institution The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company deals with the manufacture of beverages that are non-alcoholic. The Coca-Cola Company has over four hundred brands in many countries of the world. The Company is responsible for manufacturing, distribution and marketing of the beverage product. It uses a franchised system of distribution where the concentrated syrup is sold to bottlers that are in most countries (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The refreshment Company is Centralized with Human Resource staff that are highly experienced.Centralization in the company helps improve employee’s relation and benefits the consultants (Hays, 2004). The Coca-Cola Company has a mission of refreshing the world, inspiring moments of optimism and creating value as well as making a difference. The vision of the Company states what the Company aims at achieving. The Company has an emphasis on the customers, partners, portfolio, profi t making and productivity of the Company (Foster, 2008). The Company uses a multi-divisional matrix because of its huge size and scope of operation. Coca-Cola Company has many International staffs in the separate International Divisions that it owns.They are all isolated from the main head office as they are located in Africa, Europe, Pacific, Latin and North America. These divisions are further divided according to the geographical location. This is crucial since it helps in decision making at the local level of the region (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011). When decisions about the Company product are made at the local level, the Coca-Cola Company is able to change with the demands in the market. Such an organizational structure is effective for a big Company. Coca-Cola Company has close-fitting operations that are operated from the head office.The organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is aimed at meeting the sensitivity of the market in the region where the Company is located (K alapos, 2006). The organizational structure of the Coca-Cola Company is designed to fulfill its own requirements. There both formal and policies and rules within the Company. The structure helps in the facilitation of communication and authority within the Company (Hays, 2004). For the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company to be effective, it should clarify employees’ responsibilities so as to eliminate any possible obstacles.Designing the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is the process since all resources must be coordinated in an effective way. This helps curb competition in the environment where Coca-Cola Company is located. The structure is required to be flexible, constantly change and evolve with the changes in the environment. Coca-Cola Company organizational design in any region of the world needs to learn faster, execute its roles quickly and change easily for it to maintain and increase its market share in the area (Hays, 2004).The Coca-Cola Com pany fins benefits in standardization because of the many acquisitions that are made by the company. It does not use local policies but uses shared policies for the entire company. This is aimed at ensuring that the customer experience is similar for their interaction. Standardization in the company helps in retention and recruitment. The idea of hiring highly motivated and competent personnel to work in the company is an emerging issue. It is crucial for the company to have skilled employees for success reasons (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011).Coca-Cola Company has mass production, and it must hence use mechanized structures for efficient production. The Coca-Cola Company does not produce the end products, but it distributes the concentrated syrup to bottlers to sell the product. To boost the Company performance, the lower management has been involved in the company’s activities, and this instills a sense of responsibility to them. Coca-Cola Company has worked out on ways aimed a t reducing bureaucracy and speed the process of decision making. (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publibhers, 2007).Decision making within the company is done through incremental process where it does not readily decide on the creation of new products (Hays, 2004). The decision making process within Coca-Cola Company can be termed as unstructured since the model involves those in the lower management even in decision making (Hays, 2004). Unstructured decision making is useful to the Company as it helps in solving problems and decision making process within the company. (Hays, 2004). Coca-Cola Company helps in environmental and climate protection efforts.The Company has good programs to balance on the use of water in the line of production (Hays, 2004). The Company has many water initiatives in various communities as well as efforts to conserve soil and climate (Coca Cola Company & Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The lifecycle of Coca-Cola Company products starts from the ingredients used in the manufacture of the syrup, packaging, manufacturing, distribution, refrigeration and storage, consumption and finally recycling the cans (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011).Coca-Cola Company was started in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The founder of the Company who was John Pemberton sold it to Asa Chandler who named it Coca-Cola Company in 1892 (Isdell & Beasley, D, 2011). There is a competitive advantage between the Coca-Cola Company and the distributors. There is a symbiotic relationship that is interdependent where the failure or success of one has an impact on the other (Pendergrast, 1993). Over a year, the Coca-Cola Company has built strong brands of drinks which cannot be imitated by its competitors (Pendergrast, 1993).COCA-COLA COMPANY STAKEHOLDERS| METHOD OF COMMUNICATION | BOTTLING PARTNERS | ISSUES CONSULTATION | EMPLOYEES| SURVEYS | NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS| ISSUES CONSULTATION | SHAREOWNERS | REGULAR COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION | SUPPLIERS| REVIEW MEEETINGS | COMMUNITIES| CONSULTATION AND INTERVEW | CONSUMERS| FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND INTERVIEWS| The table shows the method of communication used by Coca-Cola Company in reaching out to its stakeholders. Organizational structure of Coca-Cola CompanyCoca-Cola Company president | Staff Manufacturing Plant | Finance Marketing | Europe Division, Latin America, Division, North America Division, Africa Division, Pacific Division | Many Subdivisions | References Coca Cola Company. , & Quality Information Publishers. (2007). Historic vending machine films. Asheville, N. C. : Quality Information Publishers. Hays, C. L. (2004).Pop: Truth and power at the Coca-Cola Company. London: Hutchinson. Isdell, E. N. , & Beasley, D. (2011). Inside Coca-Cola: A CEO's life story of building the world's most popular brand. New York: St. Martin's Press. Kalapos, G. (2006). Fertility goddesses, groundhog bellies ; the Coca-Cola Company: The origins of modern holidays. Toronto: Insomniac. Bel l, L. (2004). The story of Coca-Cola. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media. Pendergrast, M. (1993). For God, country, and Coca-Cola: The unauthorized history of the great American soft drink and the company that makes it. New York: Scribner's.

Causes and Effects of Bullying Essay

Bullying is a serious problem in homes, schools and communities. Often dismissed as an adolescent â€Å"rite of passage,† research clearly indicates bullying is learned behavior and detrimental to the academic, physical, social and emotional development of all involved bullies, targets and the bystanders who witness it. Bullying is not only a problem of youth but is one that spans all ages. Despite volumes of research, countless â€Å"anti-bullying† programs and increased by the media, bullying continues to pervade our culture and our schools. It is a complex social issue requiring determination, leadership and courage to address. Although it is a difficult challenge, it cannot be ignored. A wave of recent bullying incidents with tragic outcomes has shed a renewed light on this issue. The advent of technology allowing for impulsive, anonymous and rapid communication, has expanded the opportunities for bullying to a degree that necessitates more innovative and immediate responses than ever before. Most people know that bullying is wrong. Calling someone names has absolutely no beneficial purpose. Moreover, hitting someone makes a bully feel good in the moment while doing permanent damage to the person being victimized. With the Internet, people now have even more opportunities to bully through cyberbullying. This includes sending crude pictures, posting fake web pages, or tweeting slanderous messages. Cyberbullying has subsequently led to a rise in a completely new kind of bullying. One of the effects of bullying is that it can change the victim’s personality. It can cause people who are normally confident and happy to become self-conscious, shy, and unsure. Additionally, victims of bullying may also become sad or depressed. Their confidence might completely disappear, keeping them from trying new things or trusting people. Once a person has been bullied, they may hesitate to participate in situations where he or she might be ridiculed, such as in public speaking or in sports. A bullying victim might even begin to possess previously absent anxious behavior. Despite all the negative effects of bullying, there are even far more serious consequences. People who have been bullied sometimes become so upset, scared, or depressed that they see no worth in themselves and no way out of their torment. There have been countless reports over the past few years of students committing suicide because they were bullied. Meanwhile, there are times when victims see no recourse but to seek revenge by serious acts of violence against the bully and instigators. As a result of bullying, people can lose their ability to love and trust, denying them the chance to experience a quality relationship later in their life. They might find themselves as a submissive partner or they may want to be completely alone. Compounding all of these problems, victims often develop eating disorders, begin to self-injure, or require extensive counseling. Social bullying can also leave people without a supportive group of friends that they can lean on and spend time with.

Short answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Short answer - Assignment Example In this case, individual names may come into use or the use of names of acquaintances. These sequences often vary widely between composers. Schumann used such sequences in some of his compositions. One of the cryptograms he used was Scha (E-flat, C, B natural, A) as a representative for self in carnaval. In other cases, he used the reverse sequence of ASCH (Daverio 65-70). Music in the romantic era was an avenue that allowed the composers to express their emotions freely without hindrance. There were different types of music in this era. Schubert’s composition ‘the death and the maiden’ belonged to the category of ‘lied’ that combined an art song and the piano. ‘The death and the maiden’ was slow, accompanied by piano, and expressed the strongest of emotions of death. These traits make it fit in the romantic era. Schubert makes use of several devices to portray the characters of the famous poem ‘Erlkonig’. The story depicted in the poem has the narrator, father, boy, and Erlkonig. Schubert used different voice ranges with narrator using the middle range. He assigned the father a low range and a high range for the son while the Erlking stands out with the use of melody and piano adjustments. There are triplets of piano repetitions before the appearance of the ghostly Erlking. As the Erlking speaks, the piano produces rises and falls of arpeggios. There is a hastening of the pace as the father makes attempts of rescuing his son (Daverio

Low cost Airlines (Southwest Airlines) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Low cost Airlines (Southwest Airlines) - Essay Example This report will investigate the factors that have led to the survival and continuing success of Southwest Airlines, including the company’s financial planning, financial control, costing and the company’s efficient decision making process.The company has a unique business model of careful financial planning, control, efficient costing and a quick decision making process. Such unique business models have been known to ensure continued success in business organisations (Schein, E. H. 1980). Financial planning Southwest airlines is the only airline in the United States that has been consistently profitable for the past 3 decades, and this is mostly due to proper financial planning by the airline. The company’s financial planning model is a major reason why Southwest Airlines has remained profitable every year since its inception in the 1960s. In order to effectively carry out flight operations, an airline needs pilots, cabin crews planes that can take-off and land on the landing slots, and sales-point coordination. It is quite difficult to make these resources sustainable sources of competitiveness, as they are now much more accessible due to the development of the international markets. (Butler, G.F., and Keller, M.R. 2000). Southwest created an advantage by planning to price their fares at 60 percent below the prevailing air fares in the market. â€Å"When Southwest launched its Florida intra-state services in 1996, it offered some advanced purchase fares for as low as $29. Also, when the airline opened a Chicago-to-Cleveland route, its lowest unrestricted one-way fare was as low as $59, while those of other airlines were around $310.† (Doganis R. 2001). With this plan, the airline has been able to divert a substantial number of passengers from the road thus ensuring that the yields achieved are relatively high when measured in terms of revenue per passenger-kilometre because the fares are all point-to-point The airline’s fina ncial success comes from the company’s ability to operate at costs that are lower than the revenue generated by the airline’s operations. Although southwest’s unit revenues are not much lower than those of other competing airlines, operating on the same routes, southwest has enjoyed an advantage in the unit cost, by operating at cost levels that are as much as 40 percent below those of its major competitors. (Doganis R. 2001) Financial control Despite the economic downturn that has been experienced in the United States, Southwest Airlines has remained financially stable and ahead of its competitors in the industry. This is due to an adequate control of the company’s finances, as Southwest Airlines has been able to overcome the economic issues that have affected the airline industry. Southwest is one of the most successful airlines in the United States due to its ability to attract customers based on the exceptional services, low-fares, and the companyâ₠¬â„¢s ability to evolve and effect needed changes. â€Å"In recent years, the global price of oil has caused many airlines to collapse as airlines were forced to raise ticket prices and lose customers. Airlines were also hurt by low ridership rates.† (Bennett and Craun 1993) Southwest Airlines has been able to maintain financial control by increasing or decreasing the number of flights served per day, as against increasing the coat of travelling for their customers. As a result of this control, the customers reach their destinations on time, and without having to pay higher fares. Since low fares have become the airline’s selling point, decreasing the cost becomes a very important aspect of the company’s financial control. Southwest Airlines also tries to maintain financial control by simplifying its operating process and utilizing strategies like the maintenance of one type of aircraft, not serving meals on flights, using cash-register receipts as tickets, and not using a computer reservation system. Southwest airlines has been known to cuts flights with poor sales and

Discussion - MKT 571 - Week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion - MKT 571 - Week 7 - Assignment Example General Motors, the worlds largest vehicle manufacturer, was founded in 1908.It designs, manufacturers and markets vehicles worldwide. In 1998, the company generated over 160 billion in revenue on global operations. The vehicles are sold in almost 180 countries and the Company has manufacturing operations 50 countries and more. The company has employees about 390,000 worldwide. One of the key reasons for this company’s success is the implementation of General Motors Trade Xchange. This is the company’s virtual Internet community, its suppliers and customers, allowing them to carry out business dealings with speed and proficiency. This was followed by the inclusion of i2 Technologies. i2 would provide supply chain organization services and business process capability to General Motors Trade Xchange. i2s solutions help trading partners cooperate more efficiently and enhance receptiveness to customers (Pauline 48). They also are expected to cut supply chain costs and expan d manufacturing efficacies and reduce stocks. The services are anticipated to enable GM Trade Xchange to increase elasticity for better order-to-delivery. . Thus much of its success is attributed to use of e-commerce and also brand

Macro.analysis Coca-Cola Spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro.analysis Coca-Cola Spain - Essay Example Spain has been a member of NATO since 1982 and also the European Union since 1986. This EU membership represents a very significant part of its foreign policy and supports the efforts of European political mechanisms. Therefore, a stable political situation and diplomatic relations assure development opportunities for organizations that are doing business in Spain, and lessens any risk of possible conflicts and disagreements. ((Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ; 2001; n.p). The Spanish food and beverage sector is a challenging market because of the changing climatic and soil conditions. This results in unpredictable domestic agricultural production. However, the structural reforms implemented in Spain over the last decade imply that Spain will continue to offer a competitive, more secure, stable and reliable environment to conduct business for coke ( Dibbs S Simkin L; 2002 ; np) (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; 2001; np). A lot of investment in research needs to be done in order to introduce products or packaging that complies to the social and cultural norms of a country. Talking about the trend in Spanish consumer habits we see a moderate growth the consumption of food and beverages. Households do most of this spending as compared to hotels, restaurants and institutions. After the process of modernization that Spain has gone through, its famous street life has been inhibited. Although, specially during the summer season, people still live on the streets and cafe terraces are found full of people. Therefore, the summer season could be a good time for the beverage companies generating relatively higher profits for coke as well (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong ;2006; np) Spanish production of technology specially aimed for the food and beverage industry is among the most competitive in the EU. The reason behind this technological advancement has been the country’s

The hazards of taking children out to eat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The hazards of taking children out to eat - Essay Example The only way to reduce these problems is by modifying the eating habits through good education and by creating awareness among the children. These statistics could be reduced if children learn to make proper food choices. With the busy schedule of parents, children are used to eating outside and are enjoying the food that does not have much of nutritional benefits. This paper mainly focuses on the hazards of taking children out to eat. The habit of eating foods of little or no nutritional value such as cookies, candy, chips, and doughnuts contributes empty calories to the diet. Similarly, food such as pizzas, ice creams, and French fries have become their favorites among children. Sometimes, these foods are chosen as rewards by parents to make their child obey them which is a dangerous trend. Though most of the parents know the fact that eating outside may lead to various short and long term problems, they continue to follow this trend. Eating outside usually prevents children from being open to eating the wide variety of fruits and vegetables that provide essential vitamins and minerals needed for growth and good health. Every parent wishes to feed their kids with nutritious food. It is not just the wish of parents but it is also the need of every child that they are well nourished. It is a well known fact that only when children get required and balanced nutrients they have good physical and mental growth. The requirement of energy is high for kids since most of them are always into playing and running around. Though it is the primary responsibility of the parents to provide good nutritious food, it is also important that children themselves are made aware of what good food is and what the bad foods are. It is essential to help them become responsible for their own nutrition and eating habits so that they eat judiciously. If good habits are taught early in life, children tend to continue these habits

Marketing Logistics Interface Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Logistics Interface - Case Study Example The company is a catalogue based distributor in nature. Thus it deals with professional customers worldwide. After 1989 the company took various initiatives in order to increase the revenue and profitability. In the process the company has adopted many strategies such as battery replacement for recycling of waste batteries and the innovation of introducing Eco wire-Environment Friendly techniques (www.rswww.com). RS Components has achieved 50% of the sales from the UK internet sales in the year 1989, due to the fact that the company succeeded in increasing the awareness and the importance of the RS website including the latest electronics, electrical and industrial products. In addition to that it is basically because of the continual adoption of innovative products and also introducing the new innovative production packages online in the RS website. This new package involves a host of benefits to the customers of RS components such as easy identification of packaging format, set the required quantity, check the levels of live stock, place orders online and also fast delivery system. According to the Nik Patel, Marketing Manager e-commerce at RS commented on the success of online sales is that it could achieve basically because by listening to the RS customers and innovative investing new technology in its website. In fact they could make online ordering and valuable information sourcing in a simple and easy manner in order to attract more customers to its range of products. RS Componenents is mainly focusing on meeting the customer's demand by a rare combination of value, choice and service through innovating in pricing, product marketing and first initiative moves. The UK market for electronic and electrical goods has become so strategically competitive and RS' is focused on this market segment with more and more orientation towards meeting customers' ever changing demand patterns. The retail store as against the e-retailing offers a variety of goods and services on the spot while, the latter offers an equally diverse and complex mixture of products for later delivery (Murphy, & Poist, 1992). Its current product launching strategy is associated with making use of niche markets that exist in many parts of Britain, including e-retailing. For instance its recent product launches in Britain were highly successful due to the suddenness and the associated surprise. Customers were caught unawares by these very attractive offers. Thus RS' has adopted a strategy of launching products in cities where consumers were little or no used to such windfall bargains before.RS' developed its advanced search and navigation engine in online stores so as to save the time of the electronic and maintenance engineers, reduce their purchase cost, selecting and ordering products and improve the efficiency of the service (Lynch, & Whicker, 2008). Thus the clarity of the website allows its employees to implement host of new services in an efficient and effective manner and also customers would benefitted from free product information advices from the technical staff of the RS and accessing to about 110, 000 datasheets while ensuring the customer satisfaction. Thus according to the Marketing Manager e-commerce, supply chain

Static Equilibrium Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Static Equilibrium - Lab Report Example From Newtons 1st law, an object is in equilibrium when it moves at constant velocity (Mathew, 2010, pp5). Static equilibrium is thus a system at rest is said to be in static equilibrium. The summation of equilibrium forces in each direction adds to zero. Also, the total net summation of torque is equates to zero. (Mathew, 2004, p.3).Ã" Fx=0, Ã" Fy=0, Ã" Fz=0, Ã" Ã"Ž=0,Fx becomes the force that occur in the X direction and Fy are the forces that occur in the Y component direction (Mathew,2010.pp.7). Fz is the force acting towards the Z direction. Force in an action as either a push or a pull that acts on an object. It has units given Newton. (N). Torque can be defined as the product as force and distance (r) about a point that causes the object to rotate. This is formal equation for torque is Ã"Ž=FrsinÏ ´ (Mathew, 2014, pp.4).F is the force in Newtons (N), r is the distance from the reference at which that the force acts at from the force vector at an angle from the distance. T orque= (Force) (Momentum arm), by convention a torque creating a clockwise rotation becomes negative torque, and a torque causing a counterclockwise rotation gives positive torque In this experiment, the force acting on a ring on a force table will be broken into constituents. The force, both magnitude and direction it will necessary to balance the ring. Equipment’s such as Force Table, Set of Hanging, Masses set of weights, three mass hangers, Ruler, Torque Balance Stand, string, two balances (Eisenberg, 2009 p.56) The mass for the 50gram disk was calculated. Also, mass of one of the hangers was measure. The mass of the disk was increased to the mass of the hanger, and its sum tabulated. This process was done again for second 50 gram disk and mass hanger. The sum was taken as M2 the components of for both X and Y of the force vectors given that m1 positioned at an angle of 40 degrees, and m2 is at 120 degree. In order to obtain the magnitude direction, a third force is necessary to balance

Gender and Religion in South East Asia Term Paper

Gender and Religion in South East Asia - Term Paper Example Various religious beliefs predominated over the places for centuries and the recent forms of religions like Christianity, Buddhism and Islam came to these lands. The advent of the new religions shifted the position of the females too. Earlier the position of female in these places was held high and they enjoyed a prominent role in the society. As time passed by, there witnessed change in these two aspects. The present essay plunges an anthropological study into the matter of gender and religion at the Southeast Asian regions. Throughout the ages, religions and gender of South East Asia have got some kind of significance. Both these play a vital role in the anthropological development of the places. The article, ‘Transgenderisn and Gender Pluralism in Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times’ by Michael G. Peletx takes the words of Reid (1988,146) that â€Å"in the South East Asia the history tells that women predominated in a good many ritual contexts associated with agriculture, spiritual, and other religious powers that men could not match† (Peletz, 2006, 312). The women folk had a close association with the control of the society. The transgendered individuals (male bodied but dressed in female dress) too had taken a key position in the rituals of the people. High levels of sexuality and erotic attributes were associated with such transgendered individuals.... â€Å"The lowlanders occupy the plains and valleys and cultivate wet rice; they are organized into stratified societies and states traditionally headed by divine kings† (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). Among the major lowlanders include Thai of Thailand, Lao of Laos, Khemer of Kambodia, Shan of northeastern Burma, Vietnamese of Vietnam and Burmese of Burma. Owing to the influence of India and Hindu- Buddhist traditions the lowlanders were turned to be ‘Theravada Buddhists’ (Theravada being the southern tradition, or the â€Å"smaller vehicle† of Buddhism) (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). The highlanders live at the mountains and â€Å"were traditionally organized at the village level as tribal societies rather than states, are generally egalitarian, and migrate frequently† (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). These highlanders are more influenced by China and so they stick on to their own native beliefs which usually included shamanism (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). The entry of the Western world had its effect in the land. Some of the ethnic religious beliefs gave way for Christianity. The dominance of the Christianity has paved way the change of religion in some of the places. The post colonial aspects of gender have played a crucial role in the socio political milieu of the countries which are commonly called as Southeast Asia. As most of the south eastern countries have embraced Theravada Buddhism which gave a new outlook for the women folk of the religion. The female ascetics were honored well in the society. In comparison with the female monks of the other nations like Japan, China, and India the feminine gender of the Southeast Asian countries enjoyed supremacy in their total procedures as women. The

A Foresight to the Education of the Future Essay Example for Free

A Foresight to the Education of the Future Essay At the beginning of the last century, students used to spend many hours at libraries looking for information. It was mostly because there were no other means to obtain the knowledge needed to fulfill the school or university’s assignments. However, for the last thirty or twenty years this situation has been changing, and with it the way we learn or in other words the way we acquire our knowledge. Nowadays, in many educational institutions the web-based research has become the most effective way of gathering information, because it allows us to find whatever we want to know in seconds. Nevertheless, if we leave aside the contribution of technology to the compilation of facts, we can realize that not because we are able to have a quick access to information it means that we understand or learn something. My goal in this paper is to discuss the influence and effects of technology in education by expressing my opinion and my analysis of Anderson, M.T. Feed. Somerville, Massachusetts: Candlewick Press, 2012. Print. Firstly, from my point of view M. T. Anderson tries to give us a message of how technology is interferes in our everyday life and the role it plays in human communication. Additionally, I can perceive a certain degree of prediction of what the future awaits for us if we do not act to ameliorate our behavior towards the usage of technology. He presents this foresight through many themes. However, as I said before I will be only analyzing education and knowledge. To understand why this theme is important it is necessary to point out that in this futuristic schools students have a completely different education, where subjects are frivolous and do not require students to think by themselves. Additionally, people are said to be smart because the feed provides them instantly with everything they need to know. Therefore, people do not have to make efforts to comprehend and learn collections of factual knowledge. The undemanding acquisition of knowledge may sound fantastic, but if we think carefully about it, we will find that  if we do not use our own brain to learn or to do anything else, we may lose the characteristic that differentiate us from the rest of animals which is our ability to think critically. â€Å"That’s one of the great things about the feed- that you can be supersmart without ever working† (Anderson 47) this was the first evidence that made me realize that Titus, the main character and narrator of the novel, tends to confuse what being smart actually means. The first definition he gives to the word smart is to have access to information. However, this is nothing more than an aid, an element that helps us to be smart. People need to work by themselves in order to analyze and understand their findings only then we can say that someone is smart. For instance: being the owner of a computer with internet access does not make us smart, but what does is to use the information after a thoughtful analysis of it. Titus also define being smart as being fashionable, which in certain situations it is perfectly correct, still this is not the case, given that he talks of Violet creating and using her brain to do what she wanted. This confusion is clearly depicted in this passage: â€Å"I was afraid that she would be too smart for me, but she wasn’t. I don ´t mean she wasn ´t smarter, because she was, but just that there was so much she hadn ´t done† (Anderson 107) Titus define Violet as intelligent, but then he suddenly changes his conception to not smart enough for the reason that Violet had not done some things. In the book people do what the feed suggest them to do which generally involve buying things. Therefore, what Titus meant was that Violet was not smart enough, because she did not have the economic resource s to buy what most people of her age buy. In our society what we buy does not determine yet how smart or educated we are. Notwithstanding, It is not difficult for me to think that in the future smart will mean fashionable in any context, considering that we are already buying the trends on the market to make us feel important, just as important as once was to be smart. Moreover, we learn in the book that education is different because of the progress of technology, Titus states that in the past â€Å"when their grandparents were students they did not learn anything useful.†(Anderson 109) I agree with him to a certain extent, it is true that sometimes we learn things we will never use. Yet everything we learn at school helps us not only to exercise our brain and to be a well-rounded person, but also to the acquisition of essential features that differentiates us from the rest  of animals. Titus’ education has no longer subjects that make students think, the new subjects are all about the extremely consumerist society they live in. Titus express that â€Å"Now that Schoolâ„ ¢ is run by corporations, It’s pretty brag, because it teaches us how the world can be used, like mainly how to use our feeds.† (Anderson 109-110)Even when it is true that they teach useful information to live in their peculiar world, the subjects are completely superficial when it comes to development of people as human beings. I think that the author gives us a clear illustration of what we are currently doing in our everyday life at school or any other educational institution. We look up the knowledge in the web and we use it, but we do not trouble ourselves by trying to understand or analyze whether our findings are correct or not. Additionally, Throughout the book we can find many allusions to problems that our society is facing due to the development of technology.

The Public Accounting Firm Accounting Essay

The Public Accounting Firm Accounting Essay As an external auditor is required to be independent of the company when perform auditing services. If an auditor being to perform internal audit and management consulting services for the same company which they provided auditing services, there will have some issues arise. The issues included whether the auditor can be independent in mind and in appearance when providing such services. In US, there is prohibited the public accounting firm to provide non-audit services to an audit client. The arguments for the auditor should be allowed to perform these services for the same client is the auditor can work more efficiency by conduct both external and internal auditing services. They can reduce the time of work by eliminating overlapping work. Auditors will discover inefficiencies and other weaknesses while performing auditing service. When they discover such weaknesses, they can use the knowledge and expertise to provide the consulting services to management to improve such weaknesses. Besides that, by providing other services to same client, the company can save the time and money that would spend to obtain these services from another firm. The arguments for auditors should not be allowed to perform non-audit services for their audit client is they may not act independently in performing the external auditing services. The incentives of performing consulting and internal audit services will affect the judgment of the external audit. As we know internal audit services are best performed by the people who understand the culture and the operation of the company. Internal auditors are an important part of the corporate governance and should not be replaced by external auditor act as an internal auditor. A company will get more benefits from many different viewpoints. Therefore, company should obtain different entities to act as consultant and internal auditor to get multiple viewpoints. Explain how rules-based accounting standards differ from principles-based standards. How might fundamentally changing accounting standards from bright-line rules to principle-based standards help prevent another Enron-like fiasco in the future? Some argue that the trend toward adoption of international accounting standards represents a move toward more principles-based standards. Are there dangers in removing bright-line rules? What difficulties might be associated with such a change? Rules-based accounting standard are specific and detailed rules that must be followed when preparing companys financial statements. Principles-based standard is the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP) which used as a conceptual basis for accountants. It is general guidelines that describe the way classes of transactions should be reflected in general term. Principles-based may prevent another Enron issues by requiring accountants to make their professional judgments on the spirit of the law instead of just regarding technical compliance with the rules. In this case, for example, Enrons SPE, the manager may have succeeded in pressuring auditors to accept the deceptive financial reporting by pointing to the bright-line standard. However, the principles-based standard would require auditors to evaluate the situation of the company as a whole in order to determine whether the company did not have significant exposure in relation to the unconsolidated SPE. The dangers in removing the bright-line rule is in some situation will involve human judgment and discretion. Auditors may rationalize aggressive financial decisions. They will defend themselves when questioned by asseverate that the accounting standard did not prohibit their action. Enron and Andersen suffered severe consequences because of their perceived lack of integrity and damaged reputations. In fact, some people believe the fall of Enron occurred because of a form of run on the bank. Some argue that Andersen experienced a similar run on the bank as many top clients quickly dropped the firm in the wake of Enrons collapse. Is the run on the bank analogy valid for both firms? Why or why not? The run on the bank analogy is valid for both firms. Both of the firms are loss of confidence and credibility of investors and clients. Enron can avoid the bankruptcy if its customers willing to continue to use its services. The debt and obligations of the company are large but it also had large profit. The customers were not willing to use its services when Enron loss its credibility. Besides that, Andersen also can survive if Enron issue had been isolated. Andersen was a large and multinational firm. If it just loss of one client, Enron, it would not go to the end of the firm. However, once the Enron issue occurred, the clients of Andersen were loss of confidence in the firms credibility. As the result, many clients of Andersen had fired the firm as an external auditor of their company. Coopers Lybrand was sued under both federal statutory and state common law. The judge ruled that under Pennsylvania law the plaintiffs were not primary beneficiaries. Pennsylvania follows the legal precedent inherent in the Ultramares Case. (a) In jurisdictions following the Ultramares doctrine, under what conditions can auditors be held liable under common law to third parties who are not primary beneficiaries? (b) How do jurisdictions that follow the legal precedent inherent in the Rusch Factors case differ from jurisdictions following Ultramares? According to Ultramares cases, only the third parties who are primary beneficiaries can sue for ordinary negligence successfully. However, the third party who did not primary beneficiaries and did not have privity of contract also can successfully sue for gross negligence, recklessness and fraud. In this case, the creditors of Phar-Mor were not considered as primary beneficiaries. Therefore the creditors of Phar-Mor were needed to prove there had recklessness or fraud. Besides that, U.S. federal securities laws had required that recklessness needed be prove by a preponderance of the evidence, the Pennsylvania state common law had required prove by a clear and persuasive standard. According to Rusch Factors case, it had been broadened the Ultramares doctrine by allowed recovery by third party who are considered as foreseen users. A foreseen user is the limited class of users who the auditors were aware the user has the intention to rely on the financial statements. For example, the bank who lend loan to company will be a foreseen user. Coopers was also sued under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The burden of proof is not the same under the Securities Acts of 1933 and 1934. Identify the important differences and discuss the primary objective behind the differences in the laws (1933 and 1934) as they relate to auditor liability? For the case under the Securities Acts of 1933, the plaintiff have to prove that the audited financial statements were consisted material misstatement which caused the plaintiff suffered a loss. If the auditor faces an unusual burden of proof, auditor must demonstrate as a defense. The defenses are about the auditor had been conducted an adequate audit and the loss of plaintiff was caused by another reasons which other than the misleading financial statements. Under Securities Acts of 1934, the plaintiff must prove the reliance on financial statements where the financial statement consist material misstatement which caused in a loss. The Securities Acts 1933 had exposes the auditor to more litigation risk than the Securities Acts 1934. This change is to protect the buyers of new securities. In this case, even though neither Phar-Mors management, the plaintiffs attorneys, nor anyone else who associated with the case ever alleged the auditors knowingly participated in the fraud, a jury had found that Cooper liable under fraud claim. The important key of this fraud charge is the plaintiffs had been alleged that Cooper made representations which recklessly without regard to whether they were true or false. This had enabled plaintiffs to sue the auditors in term of fraud.

Providing More Jobs :: essays papers

Providing More Jobs More schooling will provide more jobs. If the government decides that pre-school is a requirement for children, there will automatically be an increase in the need for teachers. The increase in the number of classrooms will mean more jobs for the unemployed. â€Å"Good child care depends on having enough qualified people to provide care for children. And the younger children are, the more staff is necessary to give them individual attention, and therefore proper care† (NAEYC, 1997 pg. 1). Paid helpers are also a necessity. A teacher cannot run a classroom by herself. Helpers can come in and be paid for their services. â€Å"There is no agreement about what level of training or experiential proficiency is necessary to work as a lead teacher or teacher assistant with preschool-aged children† (Stegelin, 1992, pg. 37). Some may think that pre-school is pointless because a daycare can serve the same purpose. These people are mistaken. If you run a daycare you do not have to have a teaching degree. If you teach a pre-school you still need a degree. â€Å"Some states offer an early childhood education license that is separate and distinctive from an elementary license† (Stein, 1991, pg. 3). Pre-schools will provide more jobs for qualified teachers and also help act as a daycare for parents. Pre-school can act as a free Daycare People should be taking advantage of pre-school. It is much cheaper to send your child to a school and get proper care than to send them to a daycare and have them sit around and watch TV all day. Daycares are needed because many women are getting out into the workforce (Stegelin, 1992, pg. 3). But sometimes parents just need to get out and get things done. Pre-school will act as that few hour get away from their children. And while the parent is out, the child is starting to get an education. â€Å"Most working parents use one or more of the following choices: home care by a family member, care in another’s home, care in or through the worksite, center-based and school-based care† (Lubeck, 1990, pg. 3). School-based care is the most effective choice. An Early Start to Learning It is evident that the more schooling a child receives, the easier they will reach their potential. There are certain â€Å"critical points† where children learn best. If they start school in a pre-school setting, they will be able to adequately develop these skills.

Hamlet and Oedipus Rex: The Birth of Kings :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hamlet and Oedipus Rex: The Birth of Kings Two plays, "Hamlet", written by William Shakespeare and "Oedipus Rex", written by Sophocles share a common bond of illusion and innocence. The protagonists in both plays appear at the beginning only to have changed so that reality has broken through the illusion with less than desirable results for either. In these two plays, two kings must leave their innocence behind as the truth leads them first, to enlightenment and then to their downfall. This is a battle between the light and the darkness, the light being the truth and the darkness being the lie. Throughout the two plays we can see that both are isolated in a world of their own, completely unaware of the truths surrounding them. In Hamlet's case, growing up under the loving care of his parents, he believes that his father died of natural causes. Or, in Oedipus' case, the main character thinks that he has escaped Apollo's prophecy that decreed that he would grow up and murder his father, the king, and marry his mother, the queen. This eventually leads to the point at which both have their "eyes" opened to the reality surrounding their "illusionary" worlds. Hamlet is approached by the ghost of his dead father who reveals that his own brother, Hamlet's uncle, murdered him. Oedipus Rex discovers the truth when the blind prophet, Teiresias accuses him of being the one who murdered King Laios therefore fulfilling his destiny in which he had sought to avoid. In the end, the actions taken by both lead to their downfalls in different ways, death for Hamlet and loss of vision for Oedipus Rex. In the beginning, we see Hamlet living in an illusion blocking him from seeing what is really there. Hamlet is under the belief that his father died of natural causes and nothing more. As he comes to realize the truth, he leaves behind the safe harbor of innocence and naïveté and enters the uneasy world of adulthood and experience. Standing within his castle, he makes a speech to himself and to God commenting on the quickness in which his mother married his uncle. It is at this point where the beginning of the end of his innocence starts. He believes that by marrying his uncle, his mother betrayed his father. By doing that, the illusion that his parents had the perfect union is shattered forever. In the play, Hamlet says, "Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him. As if increase of appetite had grown. By what it fed on, and yet within a month.

America: Freedom And Violence Essay -- essays research papers

America: Freedom and Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine the emotionless testimony of a violent youngster, who may not realize he is fingering an accomplice as he quickly excuses his violent act,  ¡Ã‚ §Oh I don ¡Ã‚ ¦t know. I just saw it on TV. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Countless acts of senseless violence in the past few decades have led our society to believe that although freedom of speech is a trait that separates America from many other countries, it has also made us more brutal. Media outlets such as television, movies, and music have had a major impact on our nation. The outlets can allow us to be creative, make money, and have fun. The downside is when it leads to homicide, suicide, and other serious crimes. The best example of seeing the influence of violence is the exact copy cat crimes that are played out day after day. Media also tends to guide children that may seem insecure, confounded, or simply daunted by what they see on the television. This cause creates a variety of effects, mostly leading to violence or de sensitization to the events that occur around them. To understand how violence can be seen through media look to a common feeling when people listen to a new song that they start liking. It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   can be described as an almost euphoric high. People that share this common feeling go to concerts where it seems like anything is fun and exciting. Often with so much intense hysteria people can feel pushy and violent as they try to get into the music. As a result concerts such as the 1999 Woodstock can end in violence. Events like this and other media extensions are uncontrollable because people have the right to be able to say what they want to say and express what they feel with little to no intervention. It is the first amendment that allows us to have the rights of freedom in our country. Freedom of speech has allowed media to be one link to the chain of violence in our nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States was founded on the principle that the people and the government had the right to freedom of speech. The words  ¡Ã‚ §It ¡Ã‚ ¦s a free country! ¡Ã‚ ¨ are four of the most important words to America. The term is used generally because we can not get away with everything in the United States. The rights we do have are our most cherished personal freedoms. The formation of our country began with the idea that freedom above all was ... ...crease in violence correlates with the increase of television in our country. Violence can haunt the minds of many children and adolescents while they are still growing and learning to function. A time like this can make all outside events become more sensitive to a child ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind. Media can help give ideas or promote certain acts, especially if it seems like the viewer is making a connection with the role model that makes these actions. For children that live in abusive homes or have lived a psychologically damaging life, media is something they may try to connect with when things in the viewer ¡Ã‚ ¦s life do not seem to be going well. Not only can it create more violence but also it makes people who live here become more fearful of the world around them. Media has learned to focus on the exaggerations and extremities in our country so that one who views this could see his environment as a fearful enigma. The identity of America can be unclear. The founding of the first a mendment has made our country full of violence. What use to be a strengthening trait that made America attractive, has now turned into violent turmoil that makes many more people filled with fear instead of freedom.

Effective Communication Effective Techniques

Communication Is always Important no matter what type of organization or environment it may be. Feed back and the teams approach can determine how effective and ineffective the organization is. When the team approach technique is used communication is better, there is less barriers between each department, and the speed/quality of work usually is improved (Lombardi & Shoehorning, 2007). Feedback is always good because it allows an employee to get information about what he or she is doing right or wrong so that they can take the time to improve.In he health care field workers are always completing self-assessments, this makes the team approach technique especially good for them because they are able to Improve and then they can get with other health care workers and discuss their Ideas about what Is Important for the organization. Sharing each others Ideas and providing Important Information Is one of the most effective techniques used to run an organization successfully. There are ma ny advantages and disadvantages with a team approach.There are some people that like to work as a team, yet there are others that would rather work alone. One advantage would be getting more than one opinion about what is best for the organization. One disadvantage is competition, some people may want to try and be better than the next person instead of trying to work as a team. Working as a team can sometimes make people very frustrated because they have to rely on others. (Krebs, 2009) Ineffective techniques There are ineffective techniques as well.When working as a team there may be problems that arise, Like feedback from others may not always be taken positively which can cause Issues In the work environment (Krebs, 2009). There are also times when someone may not finish their duties leaving It for someone else to do It for them. It can be hard for some to come to the same agreement and this creates problems In the work environment. Many of the people that I worked with did not want to work as a team they wanted to do everything on their own.We had to show the managers that we were working as a team, but when they were not looking over our shoulder many of the employees did what they wanted to. This makes things very frustrating, there are so many times when someone does not take work as serious as he next person and this creates more of a work load for those that do take their Jobs serious. Ways these techniques are applied It is very important in a healthcare work environment that these techniques are applied.There are so many duties that health care workers have to do, if they take the team approach than the Job can get done without any hassles. Healthcare Jobs can get very stressful at times; it Is always good to have more than one hand doing the Jobs. Communication Is essential because a lot of mistakes can occur with paper work or any miscommunication. These techniques can be applied by developing a am memoir expertise Ana learning now to communicate as a team (Salesman, Idea, Farmer, Vetch, Rosen, & Kid, 2007).

Monitoring Offenders

electronic varan1 electronic monitor of wrongdoers electronic observe 2 Abstract The hurtle discusses distinct schooling and sources more or less(prenominal)(predicate) electronic observe of wrongdoers. The project includes a abbreviated autobiography of how it came well-nigh, contrasting literature surveils approximately the topic, im historic periods of spins economic consumptiond to give the audience an conception of how supervise wrongdoers deform, pulmonary tuberculosisful weaveweb grades to look up further nurture just rough electronic supervise of wrongdoers, and some graphs and info of distinct wrongdoers define(p) below nominate blockade and electronic altogethery monitored in the discovericipation.The main guidance of the project is to set aside an meeting of how electronic monitor is employ d onenessout the joined give tongue tos and some former(a) parts of the world. electronic observe is a way of introduce all(prenomin al) wrongdoers move and fixture through a estimator via artificial sa expres situate or GPS (Global situation clay). electronic supervise3 T commensurate of confine base Basics ingredient. Pp. 4-7 literature reexamine Pp. 8-13 Web invest fictional characters Section.. Pp. 14-18 Data Files. Pp. 19-21 candid Explanation Section. Pp. 22-25 AppendicesPp. 26-27 electronic Monitoring4 Topic Basics electronic monitor became a truly effective way of constituent a denounce for poisonouss. It give the gate be employ in galore(postnominal) ship faecal matteral bilk dash transfer the prison bear signaling al-Qaeda houseers every move, sense to see if the mortal is drinking inebriant or fetching narcotics. The imposture that is utilise can be traced back to the dresser through via satellite or Global localization organization (GPS). electronic supervise is important in the pitiful referee brass because its useful engine room in supervise hinge on wr ongdoers and those on probation or unloose.I to a fault think of it is important that it decreases prison world and less(prenominal) expensive. It prices a conduct more money to sentence someone to prison than to sentence someone to house drive off infra electronic observe. tally to Burrell, it cost or so ten dollars a day to monitor an offender who is determined low house crack. When it comes to sex offenders, I think electronic observe is important. For example, a sex offender can non be within a 100 feet of a initiate and the electronic supervise can tell the direction if he/she has take to the woodsed by a school while outlet to race.House break off is when the prove bums you on office labor movement or hands, he/she aims you to abide by specialized equipment casualty and conditions that restrict your granting immunity and mobility. aft(prenominal) all, floor sweat is lock penalization. Its simply more desir fitting than handed- bundle impr isonment. These terms include cur fewer restrictions, random medicate interrogation, and plaza visits by a probation or parole officeholder. Depending on how severe the de political campaignation that was committed, the judge whitethorn non horizontal allow the offender to attend represent or school, travel to medical appointments, or tend to family obligations. electronic Monitoring5electronic supervise was highly-developed back in the mid-1960s by a psychologist named Robert Schwitzgebel. It was inspired by the derisory withstand of Spiderman (Burrell 2008) when the villain would track devour the shooters every move through a plait. It led to the idea that kind of of move rape offenders to prison plainly rather incarcerate them in their radix(a). In 1983, the low gear house tab with electronic monitor was sentenced by Judge diddley Love of Albuquerque, invigorated Mexico (Howard 2001). electronic monitor became much popularized in the 1980s and was extensi vely utilise as an alternative to incarceration in jail or prison.electronic supervise is overly an adjunct to traditional probation or parole direction. Today, a couple of decades later, electronic observe shows re newborned popularity with the interests of legislators (Burrell 2008). correspond to Howell (2010), in that respect argon two main pillow elusions of electronic observe. One type is doggingly indicateing, which doer that a transmitter is strapped to the subject and it broadcasts a coded signal everyplace a yell line at regular intervals. For example, this type can see if the offender is entering or exiting the figure of unit (U. S. department of evaluator 1988).a nonher(prenominal) type of electronic observe is called planmed contact. This path that a computer provide contact the offender to see if he/she is home or if they argon violating their curfew. The computer go away then verify if he/she has verified their posture and if its the offende r as well. Basic equipment that is used in this process is a tykely mortise joint novelty that looks similar to a roguer strapped nearly the offenders articulatio talocruralis. The dodge then sends out a 24-hour signal to the observe berth, and the agency go out be notified if the offender tampers with the dodge. The doodad is linked to the agency via Global Positioning System (GPS).GPS is the approximately advanced of the home wait doojiggers. It uses mercantile cellular networks to transmit data 24-hours a electronic Monitoring6 day to the monitor agency. GPS tracking allows the supervising agency to wee specific inclusion and exclusion zones, mapping, and tracking. The agency whaps your select whereabouts at all clock (Shouse integrity). Nationwide, EMD schedules be currently at an exploratory s quest fore. In February 1987, the depicted object Institute of Justice (NIJ) conducted a survey of 53 electronic supervise plans in 21 press outs, indicating that 800 offenders were macrocosm monitored.The normal offender was a sentenced male at a lower place the age of 30 in fact. approximately 90 percent of the offenders were male, amongst age 14 and 78. About one-third were convicted for guide traffic uprightness entrancements particularly inebriate driving. In February 1988, NIJs 1 day enumerate open that monitors were being used in 32 States on approximately 2,500 offenders (NIJ 1988). These atomic consider 18 some major issues some legislators ready to debate about with electronic monitor. According to the NIJ, electronic supervise in the start out was however used for observe and confirmative the offenders every move.As time passed, the applied science of electronic supervise became more advanced. The Secure unremitting Remote Alcohol Monitor ( stupefy) turn is wholly ordered for the suspect, by the judge, who has been convicted of intoxicant-related offenses (or who the judge weighs whitethorn cons truct an issue with intoxicant). This alcoholic drinkic beverage bracelet invariablely monitors alcohol concentration, not your whereabouts (Shouse Law). While blood and breath tests alone mea legitimate gravity at a specific point in time, SCRAM samples the offenders sweat every half hour.This gives you complete 24/7 coverage, rather than just a stroke look at when your offenders atomic number 18 on their better behaviour. SCRAMs bendable storying functionality lets you specify how you want to befool discipline on each monitored offender from full historical data to exception- base storying. all way, you sire the data you need on who offended, when electronic Monitoring7 they offended, and the level of alcohol they fine-tuned. Another advanced device of electronic monitor that has been made in the 21st nose candy is the dose tour. medicine small-armes ar sometimes used to monitor those convicted of medicate offenses. These patches ar aloof and re determin ed weekly. Once removed, they atomic number 18 tried for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines (SHouseLaw). According to atomic number 20 law, when the observe agency receives an snappish that you pack violated the fine terms and conditions that were imposed in confederation with your house neckband, it notifies your probation or parole police officer. calcium probation laws allow the probation or parole officer to hold back the offender without relying on a California assure warrant.If the offender is sideline a probation or parole violation hearing, the judge must believe that the offender generate violated the terms of his/her home detainment. The judge whitethorn revoke the offenders house arrest and order that individual to serve the remainder of their sentence in jail or prison. This whitethorn lead to an economic problem in that say. Sentencing someone to prison cost over millions of dollars while electronic observe is only ten do llars a day (Burrell 2008). Electronic observe is important for the low cost it provides for the economy and justice can be served with participation supervision.After learning a few prefatorials on electronic observe, I collect a bit of noesis about how it is used and works technically. The basic instruments used for house arrest are things I already knew about onward starting this project. However, I did not know about electronic monitor devices that dealt with alcohol use and do drugs use. I would bank to bugger off a probation officer subsequently graduating college. The cultivation provided for me was very useful in completing the project. Electronic Monitoring8 Literature Review 1) Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , & Dhungana, K. (2010).Electronic Monitoring in Florida. diary of wrongdoer Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. The hold provides an overview of the electronic supervise computer program (EM) employed in Florida. A frame of supervision modalities in supervising felony offenders is depicted. It looks at the history and existence of the EM program stressing the changes in applied science. The law and policies related to the physical process are discussed and the current cost of EM to the fix and the offenders is examined. Moreover, the residency restrictions placed on specified types of sex offenders is expounded. ) DeMichele, M. , Payne, B. K. , & Button, D. M. (2008). Electronic Monitoring of Sex Offenders Identifying Unanticipated Consequences and Implications. diary of Offender Rehabilitation, 46(3/4), 119-135. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. In recent years, change magnitude legislative attention has been given to strategies to supervise sex offenders in the fellowship. Among other policies, several states waste passed laws calling for the use of electronic monitor technologies to supervise sex offenders in the association. When initially developed, this community- found sanction was des igned for less grave offenders.As a result, probation and parole officers who seduce been utilize electronic supervise technologies score seeming had belittled exposure to the sex offender population. Alternatively, those who engender historically worked with sex offenders slang had little exposure to electronic observe strategies. In the end, those supervising sex offenders in the community will need to be familiar with two divergent sphere of influences. 3) Cotter, R. , & Lint, W. (2009). GPS-Electronic Monitoring and Contemporary Penology A fact Study of US GPS-Electronic Monitoring planmes.Howard journal of outlaw Justice, 48(1), 76-87. inside10. 1111/j. 1468-2311. 2008. 00545. x Criminologists have noted a significant change of direction of criminal justice insurance policy. Initially this reorientation was most dramatically articulated by Feeley and Simon (1992) , who suggested that penalization has shifted from the modern to new penology. Criticisms of the b inary star modern and new penology sit has led to the present-day(a) understanding of penalty through a threefold look of punishment-punitive, rehabilitative-humanistic and managerial-surveillant discourses.This research represents an empirically- found attempt to locate GPS-electronic observe within this threefold model. 4) Martin, J. S. , Hanrahan, K. , & Bowers, J. H. (2009). Offenders Perceptions of House incorporate and Electronic Monitoring. diary of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(6), 547-570. inside10. 1080/10509670903081359 This obligate compositions on a visualize out designed to examine the perceptions of house arrest (HA) and electronic monitoring (EM) among offenders who have latterly experienced this criminal sentence.Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire and follow-up interviews with a sample of offenders. Our radical election areas of interest were to assess (a) the point to which HA and EM are get the pictured as punitive, (b) the exte nt to which this sanction impresss the offenders at home and at work, and (c) to explore the ways in which this criminal sanction impacts family members. While HA with EM was perceived as being less severe than incarceration, it is clear that HA with EM is experienced as a punitive criminal sanction.Electronic Monitoring 9 5) Pattavina, A. (2009). The Use of Electronic Monitoring as Persuasive Technology Reconsidering the Empirical state on the Effectiveness of Electronic Monitoring. Victims Offenders, 4(4), 385-390. inside10. 1080/15564880903260611 The growing collection of evidence-based research keep in line outs regarding criminal justice practices and programs is making an important donation to the field in terms of get a lineing what works, what doesnt and whats promising.The part of this word will be to present the challenges and prospects associated with apply evidence-based research reviews as a basis for promoting change in the masking of electronic monitoring t o individuals. In particular, the sermon will focus on how what we have learned about electronic monitoring from ancient reviews can inform the nigh generation of monitoring technologies for promoting offender change. 6) Hucklesby, A. (2011). The works life of electronic monitoring officers. Criminology flagitious Justice An foreign daybook, 11(1), 59-76. doi10. 177/1748895810392185 Monitoring officers are responsible for putting electronic monitoring (EM) policy into practice and ensuring that offenders are monitored and that alleged non-compliance is investigated. Arguably, they are a new criminal justice profession and exploring their working values and practices is important if we are to understand how EM operates and to reference questions about its issueiveness. This clause explores monitoring officers attitudes to their work and their working practices. It highlights how preventive concerns impact upon their work and identifies a range of strategies which are used to deal with their anxieties.It in any case examines whether monitoring officers have an identifiable occupational culture concluding that while they touch a working orientation, a dependable cohesive occupational culture is absent. However, differences in working values were identify among monitoring officers, which mirror the range of working credos identified in other criminal justice professionals. The extent to which the work of monitoring officers is impact by EM being operated by the private sector is as well as explored as well as the policy implications of the findings. ) Blackwell, B. , Payne, B. , Prevost, J. (2011). metre Electronic Monitoring Tools The Influence of seller Type and Vendor Data. American diary Of sorry Justice, 36(1), 17-28. doi10. 1007/s12103-010-9100-4 The rise in the use of electronic monitoring light beams for worry of individuals in both pretrial and post- shift punitory stages of the criminal justice system necessitates add-ond collabora tion of criminal justice power with private sector companies that provide monitoring services. granted this shift, it is necessary to explore whether agency employees perceive that divers(prenominal) vendors are providing levels or grapheme of services. This determine indicates that parole officers perceive very few objective differences in the monitoring services, equipment used, and ease of installation and deactivation of such(prenominal)(prenominal) equipment across two several(predicate) vendors. The primary difference identified was in the cost of such services. 8) Electronic Monitoring. (2011). Probation Parole Law Reports, 32(5), 84-86.The oblige discusses the findings of various subject areas about electronic monitoring of probationers in the U. S. The State v. Franklin case is highlighted which involves Thomas Franklin who remained on intensive supervision subsequently being retired from the residential program at Stark Regional club Correctional nubble (SRCCC ). The State v. Kandutsch case which addresses issues concerning the use of a computer report generated by an electronic monitoring device is also emphasized. Electronic Monitoring10 9) KILLIAS, M. , GILLIERON, G. KISSLING, I. , VILLETTAZ, P. (2010). Community portion Versus Electronic MonitoringWhat Works cleanse? Results of a Randomized Trial. British Journal Of Criminology, 50(6), 1155-1170. doi10. 1093/bjc/azq050 The present study is based on a seeled experiment in Switzerland with 240 subjects randomly assigned either to community service or to electronic monitoring. Measures of burden include reconvictions, self-reported delinquency and several measures of kind integration such as marriage, income and debts.The findings, based on subjects who successfully completed their sanction, suggest, with marginal significance, that those assigned to electronic monitoring reoffended less than those assigned to community service, that they were more a great deal married and lived under more complimentary financial circumstances. Electronic monitoring may be an alternative to non-custodial sanctions. With increasing demands for non-custodial sanctions, it is all important(p) having more alternatives on tap(predicate). 10) Marklund, F. , Holmberg, S. (2009). Effects of earlier release from prison using electronic tagging in Sweden.Journal Of Experimental Criminology, 5(1), 41-61. doi10. 1007/s11292-008-9064-2 The meta-analyses that have to term been published provide no keep back for the contention that the use of electronic monitoring (EM) in the home as a substitute for the whole or part of a prison sentence index produce any positive printing in relation to reoffending. The few studies that these analyses are based on have a number of shortcomings, however several of them are very small, and they often fail to provide a complete description of the elements that electronic monitoring programs include in appurtenance to the monitoring itself.The st udy presented in this article has produced more positive results however. It focuses on the front 260 individuals to participate in an early release program that included electronic monitoring in the home. This conference was compared with a register-based rule group. In addition to electronic monitoring by authority of an articulatio talocruralis bracelet, it was de rigueur for program participants to have a nonchalant occupation, which could be arranged by the prison and probation service if necessary, and they were subject to regular sobriety promises.The early release group reoffended to a significantly lesser extent than the control group did. It is not possible, however, to state to what extent this was a result of the electronic monitoring in the home or of the other elements included in the program. When the group was trichotomised on the basis of levels of prior involvement in disgust, it was found that the difference between the early release group and the control group was particularly large among those with intermediate levels of preceding criminality. 11) Button, D. M. , DeMichele, M. , Payne, B.K. (2009). exploitation Electronic Monitoring to pull off Sex Offenders Legislative Patterns and Implications for Community corrections built in bedrs. brutal Justice Policy Review, 20(4), 414-436. The contemporary abomination control policy study is one in which many states and the federal government are passing more and more punitive legislation originizing, and often, requiring electronic monitoring of sex offenders. This article reviews exploratory wakeless data on relevant state codes of all 50 states in the united States. The authors review state statutes regulating he electronic monitoring of sex offenders to identify the characteristics of the legislation, the necessity of the laws, and the implications for probation and parole agencies and officers. Eight patterns are identified through the content epitome of recent legisla tion regarding electronic monitoring of sex offenders. Policy implications are identified. Electronic Monitoring11 12) Barton, S. M. , Roy, S. (2008). Convicted Drunk Drivers in an Electronic Monitoring Program A Preliminary Study. International Journal Of Criminal Justice Sciences, 3(1), 28-43.In the linked States, electronic monitoring home detention programs were prescribedly started in Palm brink County, Florida, in 1984. Researchers have been assessing these programs since late 1980s. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of these programs on convicted rummy drivers. This study focuses on drunk drivers sentenced to electronic monitoring home detention program in a southwestern Indiana county from January 2002 to celestial latitude 2003. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of program participants and their exit status. 13) Padgett, K. G. , Bales, W. D. Bloomberg, T. G. (2006). under surveillance An empirical test of t he speciality and consequences of electronic monitoring. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 61-91. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00102. x This study addresses the potency of electronic monitoring (EM) for ripe offenders supervised in the community. Using data on 75,661 offenders placed on home confinement in Florida from 1998 to 2002, we find that both radio-frequency and global positioning system monitoring significantly decoct the similarlihood of technical violations, reoffending, and absconding for this population of offenders.Additionally, we find that offenders placed on home confinement with EM are significantly more serious than those placed on home confinement without EM, which casts doubt on the anticipated net-widening effect of this particular intermediate sanction. Policy Implications Given the anticipated increase in the use of EM in the immediate future, policy makers will surely be face up with questions about its effectiveness in preventing or deterring furth er criminal activity among offenders in the community, as well as concerns about the intensity of urveillance it affords and a subsequent increase in the likelihood of a prison sentence or return to prison for technical violations. 14) Yeh, S. S. (2010). Cost-benefit analysis of reducing crime through electronic monitoring of parolees and probationers. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(5), 1090-1096. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2010. 08. 001 The objective of this study was to estimate the benefits and cost of using electronic monitoring (EM) and home detention to reduce crime committed by parolees and probationers.Data from a national survey of state prison inmates was adjusted and used to estimate the number of crimes that would have been committed by all parolees and probationers over the course of one year in the absence of EM and home detention. The data were analyzed in crew with existing analyses of the effectiveness and costs of EM and home detention and the economic costs of cri me to estimate the benefit-cost ratio of nationwide implementation of EM and home detention with all parolees and probationers. EM plus home detention could avert an estimated 781,383 crimes every year.The societal value of the annual reduction in crime is $481. 1billion. Society would gain $12. 70 for every dollar expended on the proposed intervention. EM plus home detention could be an effective deterrent to crime and could have enormous social benefits, oddly if it is use early and saves what would otherwise be habitual offenders from a life of crime. 15) Nellis, M. (2006). Surveillance, rehabilitation, and electronic monitoring Getting issues clear. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 103-108. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00104. The author states that while there are reasons to believe that both radio-frequency and global positioning forms of electronic monitoring add some control over an offender that conventional Electronic Monitoring12 probation supervision cannot provid e, there are no heartfelt reasons to believe that they have a rehabilitative effect by themselves. limit offenders to their homes or tracking their movements cannot accomplish the real goal of changing offenders attitudes and cannot equip them with skills that alter them to desist from crime. 6) Is Electronic Monitoring akin to Imprisonment?. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 5-6. The article discusses a unlessterfly case wherein Brian Horsman who was aerated by the State of Illinois with felony driving with revoked licence has requested the court of law that he be placed on electronic home monitoring as a means of fulfilling the statutory strikement that he be sentenced to imprisonment. 17) Haverkamp, R. , Mayer, M. , & Levy, R. (2004). Electronic Monitoring in europium. European Journal Of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 12(1), 36-45. oi10. 1163/1571817041268847 This article deals with the practice of electronic monitoring in European prisons. As of 2004, most industrial societies in western sandwich Europe have found themselves burdened with overcrowded prisons and bound financial resources. Allegedly, more repressive crime policies led to the sentencing of longer prison sentences for violent, drug and sexual offenders. Restrictive reforms concerning parole, aggravations in sentencing and motley caused increases in the time actually devolve in prison for many inmates.In addition, closely all countries opting to use electronic monitoring have such conditions in commonality. indoors such a context, electronic monitoring can be seen as one of the most promising alternatives to incarceration specifically adopted for the relief of the problem of overcrowding. Apparently, electronic monitoring was already in use in many Western European countries. Projects using electronic monitoring are well-established in the penal and punitory systems in England, Sweden and the Netherlands.Pilot projects can be observed in Belgium, France , Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain. One objective was to analyze the normative frameworks of electronic monitoring in the Western European countries which ran a trial or implemented a program on the option. 18) Electronic Monitoring Is Not cargo area. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 18. The article discusses a court case wherein minor Lorenzo L. was restrict to the California division of corrections and Rehabilitation after he admitted that he committed kidnapping, pass terrorism, and assault with a deadly weapon.The defendant appealed arguing that the juvenile court failed to represent him predispositional credit for 28 days he spent in an electronic monitoring program. The court rejected Lorenzos contention since his electronic monitoring was not physical confinement. 19) Armstrong, G. S. , Freeman, B. C. (2011). Examining GPS monitoring wondrouss triggered by sex offenders The divergence of legislative goals and practical application in comm unity corrections. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 175-182. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2011. 01. 006 The innovation of this article is bout legislative mandates that require GPS monitoring of offenders add to the existing logistical complexities of community supervision. Challenges in implementing GPS policies and practices are heightened by the lack of sound empirical research. Studies examining the relationships between GPS monitoring of sex offenders in the community and the legislative goals of public safety, deterrence, and cost effectiveness are virtually nonexistent. To begin to address this gap in the literature, this study examines the impact of a Electronic Monitoring13 tatutorily-based GPS monitoring program for adult sex offenders convicted of dangerous crimes against children and placed under community supervision. 20) Renzema, M. , Mayo-Wilson, E. (2005). Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for keep in line to high-risk offenders?. Journal Of Experimental Crim inology, 1(2), 215-237. doi10. 1007/s11292-005-1615-1 All electronic monitoring(EM) programs aim to restrict the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be submissive in reducing long-term recidivism.This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the reviews inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and have for meta-analysis where appropriate.Given its continued and widespread use and the famine of reliable information about its effects, the authors come together that applications of EM as a tool for reducing cri me are not supported by existing data. decent controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM. Electronic Monitoring14 Website Reference Section This section will be based on distinguishable websites from the World dewy-eyed Web where you will be able to look up information about electronic monitoring.The websites provide useful information on contrasting types of electronic monitoring and different methods that are used virtually the United States and other countries around the world. The websites may also provide some statistics about those under monitored surveillance. piddle of come in core for Criminology and Public Policy Research uniform resource locator of locate www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu universal resource locator of knave http//www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu/p/electronic-monitoring. php season of devil December 16, 2011 This site discusses different research done on electronic monitoring.It begins to talk about different statistics about offenders monitored under electronic monitoring. For example, it says As early as 2000, more than 30,000 criminal offenders living in the community in the U. S. were monitored by electronic surveillance equipment for at least one day. The site is retained by the Florida State Universitys Criminology revolve around and its most recent update was on May 18th, 2009. differentiate of spot State of Michigan division of Corrections uniform resource locator of turn up www. michigan. gov universal resource locator of knave http//www. michigan. gov/corrections/0,4551,7-119-1435_1498-5032,00. tml see to it of rag December 16, 2011 This paginate talks about the different programs the state of Michigan has about electronic monitoring system. It also discusses a brief history of how the system became more used end-to-end the state during the 1980s. It then gives information on different devices the Corrections use to track offenders. The site is m aintain by the State of Michigan. Name of grade Free Advice universal resource locator of identify www. freeadvice. com universal resource locator of pagehttp//criminal-law. freeadvice. com/criminal-law/parole_probation/house_ar rest. htm march on of retrieve December 16, 2011The site is search engine website for law advice and other criminal law topics. The page discusses different key terms about the topic of electronic monitoring. For example, it tells us what house arrest is and how it is monitored. The site is maintained by Gerry Goldsholle and was at pull round updated on June 02, 2009. Name of lay Oakland County Michigan Community Corrections Division uniform resource locator of pose www. oakgov. com uniform resource locator of rapscallion http//www. oakgov. com/commcorr/program_service/electronic_monitor. html season of inlet December 16, 2011 Electronic Monitoring15 This site provides different engineering used in the countys corrections unit.It talks about how it is used end-to-end the built-in county and the programs they provide for different offenders. The last update was on October 12, 2006 and is maintained by the State of Michigan. Name of berth Electronic Monitoring Resource Center universal resource locator of berth www. du. edu uniform resource locator of pageboy https//emresourcecenter. nlectc. du. edu/ Date of entrance money December 16, 2011 The page discusses on data of electronic monitoring use in the Denver area of Colorado. The feature films are outlined in different categories from types and different genders of offenders. The page is maintained by the University of Denver and was last updated May 20, 2010.Name of Site DUI Foundation URL of Site www. duifoundation. com URL of pageboy www. duifoundation. org/ sub judiceguide/sentencingalternatives/electronicmonitoring/ Date of Access December 16, 2011 The page discusses on how electronic monitoring works on an alcoholic who is under house arrest cod to a DUI incident they committed. It talks about the device used on alcoholics to track down if they are consuming alcoholic beverages throughout the day 24/7. The owners of the website information was withheld and the site was last update on June 10, 2011. Name of Site leaders in Community Alternatives, Inc.URL of Site www. lcaservices. com URL of rogue http//www. lcaservices. com/pages/equipment. htmlgps Date of Access December 16, 2011 The LCA, Inc. website discusses on the different equipment used to monitor offenders electronically. Its basically like an advertisement for law enforcers so that they may use their applied science to track down offenders however, it provides useful information on the different devices. The website is maintained by Jesse Dudan and was last updated on May 16, 2011. Name of Site Electronic Monitoring attends. LLC URL of Site www. indyems. orgURL of Page http//indyems. org/monitoring. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website talks about different data and devices used on an offender while under house arrest. The site is maintained by Marvin Royston Jr. and was last updated on February 28, 2011. Name of Site Office of Justice Program URL of Site http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/ URL of Page http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/pdf/IACPSexOffenderElecMonitoring. pdf Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site is a PDF file and provides information of holding track of sex offenders in the community through GPS surveillance.The website is maintained by the Office of Justice in Washington D. C. and has no recent update. Electronic Monitoring16 Name of Site topic analyse Office URL of Site www. nao. org. uk URL of Page http//www. nao. org. uk/publications/0506/the_electronic_monitoring_of_a. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provides information about the programs used in the United landed estate for electronic monitoring. It provides a full report of offenders under surveillance of electronic monitoring. The site is mainta ined by the matter Audit Office and was last updated on November 1, 2011.Name of Site The British Journal of Criminology URL of Site www. oxfordjournals. org URL of Page http//bjc. oxfordjournals. org/content/31/2/165. short Date of Access December 17, 2011 This website provides information about how the British go about electronic monitoring around the country. This website is maintained by the Oxford University crushed leather and was last updated on October 5, 2009. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference go URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/app/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176698 Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site provides information and data about the costs of electronic monitoring throughout the United States of America. It gives some telescope information of electronic monitoring of offenders and how it costs a little less than sending someone to prison. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference answer URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=116750 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website is a government website by the part of Justice.The information provided gives an article about the effectiveness of electronic monitoring of offenders throughout the United States. It shows points of views by offenders and also correction officers. Name of Site Springer Link URL of Site www. springerlink. com URL of Page http//www. springerlink. com/content/w6x762q2242n8l44/ Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site discusses the traits offenders do while they are incarcerated under house arrest. This shows the different eyeshots of offenders. Some believe its better than prison while others think that its torture. The site is maintained by Springer Science Business Media B.V. and was last updated on January 30, 2011. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjr s. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=139140 Date of Access December 17, 2011 Electronic Monitoring 17 This website provides more information about the effectiveness and technology that has been used to track down different offenders. This article focuses mainly on the sex offenders and how they can be a danger in society even if theyre under electronic monitoring and following up with their parole officer.Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=108602 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The site is provided by the US Department of Justice. This page provides an article based on how different methods are used to make sure the offender is properly placed within their boundaries if you may say and that theyre not going elsewhere. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abs tractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176261 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provided can give useful resources and information about tracking down drug addicts with the do drugs Patch. It respects whether or not an offender who had a drug problem and was incarcerated in the past if they are fetching il heavy narcotics in their system. Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//www. google. com/patents? hl=enlr=vid=USPAT4736196id=XW46AAAAEBAJoi=fnddq=electronic+monitoring+offendersprintsec=abstractv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf= sour Date of Access December 17, 2011The source was found via Google Patents. This site provides a diagram and normal of a home detention monitoring device. It shows what parts of the device gives off the timidity to alert officials that the offender has left the exposit and how it carries out via satellite. This website is maintained by Google, Inc and was last updated on July 20, 2011. Name of Site Na tional Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=190283 Date of Access December 17, 2011The website of the page above provides information about juveniles under electronic monitoring. The article suggested that electronic monitoring is not a harsh punishment and juveniles may most likely be placed under house arrest or probation. Electronic Monitoring18 Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=mCOfWKwfpQYCoi=fndpg=PA224dq=electronic+monitoring+offendersots=H6cgo3OoGdsig=sKrBNiIgGjT_kxe0gcoehWJrT7Qv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf=false Date of Access December 17, 2011The article was found via Google Books. The article is a chapter from a book and talks about the honest crimes committed in order to be placed under house arrest. ordinarily those crimes are less serious except you can be on parole and be under electronic monitoring. This site is maintained by Google, Inc. and was last updated on August 23, 2011. Electronic Monitoring19 Data Files origination U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004) analysis of Federal Justice Statistics, NCJ 213476 Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice p. 95. Electronic Monitoring20 Source U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and fling Inmates at middle year 2000, publicize NCJ 185989, p. 6 2003, publicize NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 213133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 cast out Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK Electronic Monitoring21 Number of Offenders Under Home Detention 1995-2010 Source U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and Jail Inmates at Mid year 2000, Bulletin NCJ 185989, p. 2003, Bulletin NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 21 3133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 Jail Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK staff. Electronic Monitoring22 Topic Explanation Electronic monitoring of offenders has been around since the early 1980s. Since then, the technology used has enhanced in many different ways. The technology started from a simple articulatio talocruralis bracelet to technology permit governance know if you have been taking drugs or drinking alcoholic beverages.The legal definition of electronic monitoring means that it allows the release of a someone into the community, during what could have been jail time, and obliging the individual to write down his or her whereabouts at all times or on regular intervals using electronic or telecommunication devices (Duhaime. org 2009). Electronic monitoring is a frequent feature of a probation or bail order. Electronic monitoring was inspired by a Spiderman comic book that was read by Judge Jack Love of New Mexico (Howard 2001). Judge Love thought to create a real device from the comic book with the help of an electronics technician in 1983.On that kindred year, Love sentenced his first offender to house arrest with electronic monitoring (Howard 2001). intimately electronic monitoring devices do not simply track the offenders movement, but they simply confirm whether the subject is at an clear place approved times (Howard 2001). A Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) technology is the most common device used in electronic monitoring. This type of technology allows a correctional client to be precisely fit(p) around the world for 24 hours and 7 days a week. However, as technology develops, there are three rightfully important pieces of technology in electronic monitoring.They are, regular house arrest ankle bracelets, SCRAMx, and drug patches. All these technologies are the most common use of detecting not only an offender s perspective, but also his or her alcohol in-take. The SCRAMx System began over the past six years. This device became popular in the courts by effect them to those who are dangerous to the public due to their excessive drinking. Electronic Monitoring23 The SCRAMx combines with the continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) which detects the alcohol in-take of an offender.What makes SCRAMx different is that it is alcohol monitoring combined with house arrest technology (Alcohol Monitoring 2011). After the court has sentenced someone to be under house arrest due to excessive alcohol or drunk driving, they must pause the SCRAMx bracelet. The SCRAMx bracelet tests for alcohol every 30 minutes throughout the day, 24/7. It also monitors curfews and schedules of when an offender can be home or go to work/school. The SCRAMx bracelet also incorporates multiple sensors to detect move tampers, obstructions, or removal attempts (Alcohol Monitoring Systems 2011).All of this information is sent fr om the bracelet to the SCRAMx rest home Station. The Base Station is plugged into an analog call in line at the offenders home or work place and uploads all available data from the SCRAMx bracelet. After it stores the information, it sends alcohol readings, tamper alerts, and diagnostic data to what is called SCRAMnet for further readings. SCRAMnet analyzes the data it receives from the base range and identifies any alerts such as, alcohol consumption, environmental interference, tampers/removals, and missed communications.The SCRAMnet will alert the agency or appropriate contact person if the offender has violated any of his/her sentence. This technology will take all the put down data will send it to the official via LCD screen with graphs and charts of every test or tamper report. These reports can be accessed around the clock from any location using a standard web browser and you may check on multiple offenders who are under this device. In my opinion, the ways this device c an change are that everyone who goes out to drink at the bar and were driving should wear one.If the drinker has gone over the percentage of drinking, the device should alert police officers and make sure that person isnt driving when they leave the bar. Electronic Monitoring 24 Drug patches are another type of electronic monitoring. These devices are sometime used to monitor those convicted of violating drug laws. The drug patches are a lot similar to the SCRAMx device only difference is, once you remove the patch, it automatically tests for drugs of many kinds. The patch tests for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines.Just like the SCRAMx, the drug patch will alert authorities if someone has taken drugs. The drug patch is removed and replaced weekly. The patch takes the sweat and real(a) fluids from the skin and hair which then is test for drugs on a scanner. House arrest comes into play here because the offender is also wearing the ankle bracelet s o authorities know where the offender is primed(p) and not violating their parole release. The problem with this technology is that the cost may increase because two different types of electronic monitoring are in use at the same time.As technology becomes more advanced as the years go by, the drug patch should be just like the SCRAMx device. The drug patch should be able to report any signs of drug use to authorities right away 24/7. The drug patch should also be able to determine the location of the offender. The offender should be home or at work while under the drug patch. The lowest piece of technology with electronic monitoring is the basic house arrest ankle bracelet. This sentence is usually given to misdemeanor offenses and those sentenced to probation or released on parole (Howard 2001). This device is basic and it works very simple.The ankle bracelet is worn by the offender and it gives data and exact location of the offender to a base station device. The offender will most likely have a curfew and has only a real amount of time to go to work and back home. The ankle bracelet will send off alerts to the base station and will alert authorities about the offenders whereabouts. The bracelet will also send out an alert if the device has been tampered with or removed off the offenders ankle. The problem with Electronic Monitoring25 the offender removing the ankle bracelet is that he or she may remove it and capture it onto an animal passing by.This can give authorities off and confuse the location of the offender. This device can also be used on sex offenders because they may be prohibited from being around a certain area. For example, a child sex offender will receive the house arrest bracelet and may go to work, however, they may not pass by a school modify with children or minors. The ankle bracelet will alert the officials if the offender has passed by a school (Whitefield 1997). The problem with this is that the device cannot detect if childr en are in the area or hidden in their home.They send an officer to check but some probation officers may be careless and overlook different things. In order to advance technology in this situation, officials should order surveillance cameras in the offenders home to check for inappropriate sexual actions or material in the home. If the offender tampers with the tapes, it will alert authorities that the offender has tampered or removed from its place (Whitefield 1997). Electronic monitoring is best source of technology for tracking down offenders placed under house arrest or taking alcohol or drugs.The technology is basic GPS satellite technology. The types of technology mentioned above are continuing to become more and more advanced as we move on. The technology has its flaws in my opinion however, it can be useful 90 percent of the time while study an offenders every gait and what he or she may consume into their bodies. The SCRAMx device has to be the most useful for those who c ommitted DWIs or those with alcoholic problems. However, in general, house arrests are a good way to rehabilitate an offender especially those who committed crimes while intoxicated.It can set them in the right state of forefront and change their ways when their sentence is over. Electronic Monitoring26 Appendices Glossary House arrest- allows a person who is sentenced to a jail term to spend the time at his home as an alternative to being physically confined to jail. Electronic home detention- monitored using an electronic sensor strapped to an offenders ankle and linked by telephone lines to a central computer which emits a continuous signal. Probation- literally means testing of behavior or abilities. In a legal sense, an offender on probation is ordered o follow certain conditions set by the court. GPS Tracker- is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it is attached and to record the po sition of the asset at regular intervals. Electric monitoring- a form of non-surreptitious surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored. SCRAMx System- combines continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) with house arrest technology in one court-validated device.Now with radiocommunication capabilities, SCRAMx tests for alcohol every 30 minutes, 24/7, monitors curfews and schedules, gives comprehensive information on the entire 24/7 monitoring period. Electronic Monitoring27 Bibliography Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , Dhungana, K. (2010). Electronic Monitoring in Florida. Journal of Offender Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Howard, J. (2001). Electronic monitoring. The Reporter. Retrieved from http//www. johnhoward. ab. ca/newslet/may2001/May2001. pdf Whitefield, D. (1997). Tackling the tag The electronic monitoring of offenders. Waterside Press