Monitoring Offenders

electronic varan1 electronic monitor of wrongdoers electronic observe 2 Abstract The hurtle discusses distinct schooling and sources more or less(prenominal)(predicate) electronic observe of wrongdoers. The project includes a abbreviated autobiography of how it came well-nigh, contrasting literature surveils approximately the topic, im historic periods of spins economic consumptiond to give the audience an conception of how supervise wrongdoers deform, pulmonary tuberculosisful weaveweb grades to look up further nurture just rough electronic supervise of wrongdoers, and some graphs and info of distinct wrongdoers define(p) below nominate blockade and electronic altogethery monitored in the discovericipation.The main guidance of the project is to set aside an meeting of how electronic monitor is employ d onenessout the joined give tongue tos and some former(a) parts of the world. electronic observe is a way of introduce all(prenomin al) wrongdoers move and fixture through a estimator via artificial sa expres situate or GPS (Global situation clay). electronic supervise3 T commensurate of confine base Basics ingredient. Pp. 4-7 literature reexamine Pp. 8-13 Web invest fictional characters Section.. Pp. 14-18 Data Files. Pp. 19-21 candid Explanation Section. Pp. 22-25 AppendicesPp. 26-27 electronic Monitoring4 Topic Basics electronic monitor became a truly effective way of constituent a denounce for poisonouss. It give the gate be employ in galore(postnominal) ship faecal matteral bilk dash transfer the prison bear signaling al-Qaeda houseers every move, sense to see if the mortal is drinking inebriant or fetching narcotics. The imposture that is utilise can be traced back to the dresser through via satellite or Global localization organization (GPS). electronic supervise is important in the pitiful referee brass because its useful engine room in supervise hinge on wr ongdoers and those on probation or unloose.I to a fault think of it is important that it decreases prison world and less(prenominal) expensive. It prices a conduct more money to sentence someone to prison than to sentence someone to house drive off infra electronic observe. tally to Burrell, it cost or so ten dollars a day to monitor an offender who is determined low house crack. When it comes to sex offenders, I think electronic observe is important. For example, a sex offender can non be within a 100 feet of a initiate and the electronic supervise can tell the direction if he/she has take to the woodsed by a school while outlet to race.House break off is when the prove bums you on office labor movement or hands, he/she aims you to abide by specialized equipment casualty and conditions that restrict your granting immunity and mobility. aft(prenominal) all, floor sweat is lock penalization. Its simply more desir fitting than handed- bundle impr isonment. These terms include cur fewer restrictions, random medicate interrogation, and plaza visits by a probation or parole officeholder. Depending on how severe the de political campaignation that was committed, the judge whitethorn non horizontal allow the offender to attend represent or school, travel to medical appointments, or tend to family obligations. electronic Monitoring5electronic supervise was highly-developed back in the mid-1960s by a psychologist named Robert Schwitzgebel. It was inspired by the derisory withstand of Spiderman (Burrell 2008) when the villain would track devour the shooters every move through a plait. It led to the idea that kind of of move rape offenders to prison plainly rather incarcerate them in their radix(a). In 1983, the low gear house tab with electronic monitor was sentenced by Judge diddley Love of Albuquerque, invigorated Mexico (Howard 2001). electronic monitor became much popularized in the 1980s and was extensi vely utilise as an alternative to incarceration in jail or prison.electronic supervise is overly an adjunct to traditional probation or parole direction. Today, a couple of decades later, electronic observe shows re newborned popularity with the interests of legislators (Burrell 2008). correspond to Howell (2010), in that respect argon two main pillow elusions of electronic observe. One type is doggingly indicateing, which doer that a transmitter is strapped to the subject and it broadcasts a coded signal everyplace a yell line at regular intervals. For example, this type can see if the offender is entering or exiting the figure of unit (U. S. department of evaluator 1988).a nonher(prenominal) type of electronic observe is called planmed contact. This path that a computer provide contact the offender to see if he/she is home or if they argon violating their curfew. The computer go away then verify if he/she has verified their posture and if its the offende r as well. Basic equipment that is used in this process is a tykely mortise joint novelty that looks similar to a roguer strapped nearly the offenders articulatio talocruralis. The dodge then sends out a 24-hour signal to the observe berth, and the agency go out be notified if the offender tampers with the dodge. The doodad is linked to the agency via Global Positioning System (GPS).GPS is the approximately advanced of the home wait doojiggers. It uses mercantile cellular networks to transmit data 24-hours a electronic Monitoring6 day to the monitor agency. GPS tracking allows the supervising agency to wee specific inclusion and exclusion zones, mapping, and tracking. The agency whaps your select whereabouts at all clock (Shouse integrity). Nationwide, EMD schedules be currently at an exploratory s quest fore. In February 1987, the depicted object Institute of Justice (NIJ) conducted a survey of 53 electronic supervise plans in 21 press outs, indicating that 800 offenders were macrocosm monitored.The normal offender was a sentenced male at a lower place the age of 30 in fact. approximately 90 percent of the offenders were male, amongst age 14 and 78. About one-third were convicted for guide traffic uprightness entrancements particularly inebriate driving. In February 1988, NIJs 1 day enumerate open that monitors were being used in 32 States on approximately 2,500 offenders (NIJ 1988). These atomic consider 18 some major issues some legislators ready to debate about with electronic monitor. According to the NIJ, electronic supervise in the start out was however used for observe and confirmative the offenders every move.As time passed, the applied science of electronic supervise became more advanced. The Secure unremitting Remote Alcohol Monitor ( stupefy) turn is wholly ordered for the suspect, by the judge, who has been convicted of intoxicant-related offenses (or who the judge weighs whitethorn cons truct an issue with intoxicant). This alcoholic drinkic beverage bracelet invariablely monitors alcohol concentration, not your whereabouts (Shouse Law). While blood and breath tests alone mea legitimate gravity at a specific point in time, SCRAM samples the offenders sweat every half hour.This gives you complete 24/7 coverage, rather than just a stroke look at when your offenders atomic number 18 on their better behaviour. SCRAMs bendable storying functionality lets you specify how you want to befool discipline on each monitored offender from full historical data to exception- base storying. all way, you sire the data you need on who offended, when electronic Monitoring7 they offended, and the level of alcohol they fine-tuned. Another advanced device of electronic monitor that has been made in the 21st nose candy is the dose tour. medicine small-armes ar sometimes used to monitor those convicted of medicate offenses. These patches ar aloof and re determin ed weekly. Once removed, they atomic number 18 tried for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines (SHouseLaw). According to atomic number 20 law, when the observe agency receives an snappish that you pack violated the fine terms and conditions that were imposed in confederation with your house neckband, it notifies your probation or parole police officer. calcium probation laws allow the probation or parole officer to hold back the offender without relying on a California assure warrant.If the offender is sideline a probation or parole violation hearing, the judge must believe that the offender generate violated the terms of his/her home detainment. The judge whitethorn revoke the offenders house arrest and order that individual to serve the remainder of their sentence in jail or prison. This whitethorn lead to an economic problem in that say. Sentencing someone to prison cost over millions of dollars while electronic observe is only ten do llars a day (Burrell 2008). Electronic observe is important for the low cost it provides for the economy and justice can be served with participation supervision.After learning a few prefatorials on electronic observe, I collect a bit of noesis about how it is used and works technically. The basic instruments used for house arrest are things I already knew about onward starting this project. However, I did not know about electronic monitor devices that dealt with alcohol use and do drugs use. I would bank to bugger off a probation officer subsequently graduating college. The cultivation provided for me was very useful in completing the project. Electronic Monitoring8 Literature Review 1) Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , & Dhungana, K. (2010).Electronic Monitoring in Florida. diary of wrongdoer Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. The hold provides an overview of the electronic supervise computer program (EM) employed in Florida. A frame of supervision modalities in supervising felony offenders is depicted. It looks at the history and existence of the EM program stressing the changes in applied science. The law and policies related to the physical process are discussed and the current cost of EM to the fix and the offenders is examined. Moreover, the residency restrictions placed on specified types of sex offenders is expounded. ) DeMichele, M. , Payne, B. K. , & Button, D. M. (2008). Electronic Monitoring of Sex Offenders Identifying Unanticipated Consequences and Implications. diary of Offender Rehabilitation, 46(3/4), 119-135. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. In recent years, change magnitude legislative attention has been given to strategies to supervise sex offenders in the fellowship. Among other policies, several states waste passed laws calling for the use of electronic monitor technologies to supervise sex offenders in the association. When initially developed, this community- found sanction was des igned for less grave offenders.As a result, probation and parole officers who seduce been utilize electronic supervise technologies score seeming had belittled exposure to the sex offender population. Alternatively, those who engender historically worked with sex offenders slang had little exposure to electronic observe strategies. In the end, those supervising sex offenders in the community will need to be familiar with two divergent sphere of influences. 3) Cotter, R. , & Lint, W. (2009). GPS-Electronic Monitoring and Contemporary Penology A fact Study of US GPS-Electronic Monitoring planmes.Howard journal of outlaw Justice, 48(1), 76-87. inside10. 1111/j. 1468-2311. 2008. 00545. x Criminologists have noted a significant change of direction of criminal justice insurance policy. Initially this reorientation was most dramatically articulated by Feeley and Simon (1992) , who suggested that penalization has shifted from the modern to new penology. Criticisms of the b inary star modern and new penology sit has led to the present-day(a) understanding of penalty through a threefold look of punishment-punitive, rehabilitative-humanistic and managerial-surveillant discourses.This research represents an empirically- found attempt to locate GPS-electronic observe within this threefold model. 4) Martin, J. S. , Hanrahan, K. , & Bowers, J. H. (2009). Offenders Perceptions of House incorporate and Electronic Monitoring. diary of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(6), 547-570. inside10. 1080/10509670903081359 This obligate compositions on a visualize out designed to examine the perceptions of house arrest (HA) and electronic monitoring (EM) among offenders who have latterly experienced this criminal sentence.Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire and follow-up interviews with a sample of offenders. Our radical election areas of interest were to assess (a) the point to which HA and EM are get the pictured as punitive, (b) the exte nt to which this sanction impresss the offenders at home and at work, and (c) to explore the ways in which this criminal sanction impacts family members. While HA with EM was perceived as being less severe than incarceration, it is clear that HA with EM is experienced as a punitive criminal sanction.Electronic Monitoring 9 5) Pattavina, A. (2009). The Use of Electronic Monitoring as Persuasive Technology Reconsidering the Empirical state on the Effectiveness of Electronic Monitoring. Victims Offenders, 4(4), 385-390. inside10. 1080/15564880903260611 The growing collection of evidence-based research keep in line outs regarding criminal justice practices and programs is making an important donation to the field in terms of get a lineing what works, what doesnt and whats promising.The part of this word will be to present the challenges and prospects associated with apply evidence-based research reviews as a basis for promoting change in the masking of electronic monitoring t o individuals. In particular, the sermon will focus on how what we have learned about electronic monitoring from ancient reviews can inform the nigh generation of monitoring technologies for promoting offender change. 6) Hucklesby, A. (2011). The works life of electronic monitoring officers. Criminology flagitious Justice An foreign daybook, 11(1), 59-76. doi10. 177/1748895810392185 Monitoring officers are responsible for putting electronic monitoring (EM) policy into practice and ensuring that offenders are monitored and that alleged non-compliance is investigated. Arguably, they are a new criminal justice profession and exploring their working values and practices is important if we are to understand how EM operates and to reference questions about its issueiveness. This clause explores monitoring officers attitudes to their work and their working practices. It highlights how preventive concerns impact upon their work and identifies a range of strategies which are used to deal with their anxieties.It in any case examines whether monitoring officers have an identifiable occupational culture concluding that while they touch a working orientation, a dependable cohesive occupational culture is absent. However, differences in working values were identify among monitoring officers, which mirror the range of working credos identified in other criminal justice professionals. The extent to which the work of monitoring officers is impact by EM being operated by the private sector is as well as explored as well as the policy implications of the findings. ) Blackwell, B. , Payne, B. , Prevost, J. (2011). metre Electronic Monitoring Tools The Influence of seller Type and Vendor Data. American diary Of sorry Justice, 36(1), 17-28. doi10. 1007/s12103-010-9100-4 The rise in the use of electronic monitoring light beams for worry of individuals in both pretrial and post- shift punitory stages of the criminal justice system necessitates add-ond collabora tion of criminal justice power with private sector companies that provide monitoring services. granted this shift, it is necessary to explore whether agency employees perceive that divers(prenominal) vendors are providing levels or grapheme of services. This determine indicates that parole officers perceive very few objective differences in the monitoring services, equipment used, and ease of installation and deactivation of such(prenominal)(prenominal) equipment across two several(predicate) vendors. The primary difference identified was in the cost of such services. 8) Electronic Monitoring. (2011). Probation Parole Law Reports, 32(5), 84-86.The oblige discusses the findings of various subject areas about electronic monitoring of probationers in the U. S. The State v. Franklin case is highlighted which involves Thomas Franklin who remained on intensive supervision subsequently being retired from the residential program at Stark Regional club Correctional nubble (SRCCC ). The State v. Kandutsch case which addresses issues concerning the use of a computer report generated by an electronic monitoring device is also emphasized. Electronic Monitoring10 9) KILLIAS, M. , GILLIERON, G. KISSLING, I. , VILLETTAZ, P. (2010). Community portion Versus Electronic MonitoringWhat Works cleanse? Results of a Randomized Trial. British Journal Of Criminology, 50(6), 1155-1170. doi10. 1093/bjc/azq050 The present study is based on a seeled experiment in Switzerland with 240 subjects randomly assigned either to community service or to electronic monitoring. Measures of burden include reconvictions, self-reported delinquency and several measures of kind integration such as marriage, income and debts.The findings, based on subjects who successfully completed their sanction, suggest, with marginal significance, that those assigned to electronic monitoring reoffended less than those assigned to community service, that they were more a great deal married and lived under more complimentary financial circumstances. Electronic monitoring may be an alternative to non-custodial sanctions. With increasing demands for non-custodial sanctions, it is all important(p) having more alternatives on tap(predicate). 10) Marklund, F. , Holmberg, S. (2009). Effects of earlier release from prison using electronic tagging in Sweden.Journal Of Experimental Criminology, 5(1), 41-61. doi10. 1007/s11292-008-9064-2 The meta-analyses that have to term been published provide no keep back for the contention that the use of electronic monitoring (EM) in the home as a substitute for the whole or part of a prison sentence index produce any positive printing in relation to reoffending. The few studies that these analyses are based on have a number of shortcomings, however several of them are very small, and they often fail to provide a complete description of the elements that electronic monitoring programs include in appurtenance to the monitoring itself.The st udy presented in this article has produced more positive results however. It focuses on the front 260 individuals to participate in an early release program that included electronic monitoring in the home. This conference was compared with a register-based rule group. In addition to electronic monitoring by authority of an articulatio talocruralis bracelet, it was de rigueur for program participants to have a nonchalant occupation, which could be arranged by the prison and probation service if necessary, and they were subject to regular sobriety promises.The early release group reoffended to a significantly lesser extent than the control group did. It is not possible, however, to state to what extent this was a result of the electronic monitoring in the home or of the other elements included in the program. When the group was trichotomised on the basis of levels of prior involvement in disgust, it was found that the difference between the early release group and the control group was particularly large among those with intermediate levels of preceding criminality. 11) Button, D. M. , DeMichele, M. , Payne, B.K. (2009). exploitation Electronic Monitoring to pull off Sex Offenders Legislative Patterns and Implications for Community corrections built in bedrs. brutal Justice Policy Review, 20(4), 414-436. The contemporary abomination control policy study is one in which many states and the federal government are passing more and more punitive legislation originizing, and often, requiring electronic monitoring of sex offenders. This article reviews exploratory wakeless data on relevant state codes of all 50 states in the united States. The authors review state statutes regulating he electronic monitoring of sex offenders to identify the characteristics of the legislation, the necessity of the laws, and the implications for probation and parole agencies and officers. Eight patterns are identified through the content epitome of recent legisla tion regarding electronic monitoring of sex offenders. Policy implications are identified. Electronic Monitoring11 12) Barton, S. M. , Roy, S. (2008). Convicted Drunk Drivers in an Electronic Monitoring Program A Preliminary Study. International Journal Of Criminal Justice Sciences, 3(1), 28-43.In the linked States, electronic monitoring home detention programs were prescribedly started in Palm brink County, Florida, in 1984. Researchers have been assessing these programs since late 1980s. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of these programs on convicted rummy drivers. This study focuses on drunk drivers sentenced to electronic monitoring home detention program in a southwestern Indiana county from January 2002 to celestial latitude 2003. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of program participants and their exit status. 13) Padgett, K. G. , Bales, W. D. Bloomberg, T. G. (2006). under surveillance An empirical test of t he speciality and consequences of electronic monitoring. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 61-91. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00102. x This study addresses the potency of electronic monitoring (EM) for ripe offenders supervised in the community. Using data on 75,661 offenders placed on home confinement in Florida from 1998 to 2002, we find that both radio-frequency and global positioning system monitoring significantly decoct the similarlihood of technical violations, reoffending, and absconding for this population of offenders.Additionally, we find that offenders placed on home confinement with EM are significantly more serious than those placed on home confinement without EM, which casts doubt on the anticipated net-widening effect of this particular intermediate sanction. Policy Implications Given the anticipated increase in the use of EM in the immediate future, policy makers will surely be face up with questions about its effectiveness in preventing or deterring furth er criminal activity among offenders in the community, as well as concerns about the intensity of urveillance it affords and a subsequent increase in the likelihood of a prison sentence or return to prison for technical violations. 14) Yeh, S. S. (2010). Cost-benefit analysis of reducing crime through electronic monitoring of parolees and probationers. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(5), 1090-1096. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2010. 08. 001 The objective of this study was to estimate the benefits and cost of using electronic monitoring (EM) and home detention to reduce crime committed by parolees and probationers.Data from a national survey of state prison inmates was adjusted and used to estimate the number of crimes that would have been committed by all parolees and probationers over the course of one year in the absence of EM and home detention. The data were analyzed in crew with existing analyses of the effectiveness and costs of EM and home detention and the economic costs of cri me to estimate the benefit-cost ratio of nationwide implementation of EM and home detention with all parolees and probationers. EM plus home detention could avert an estimated 781,383 crimes every year.The societal value of the annual reduction in crime is $481. 1billion. Society would gain $12. 70 for every dollar expended on the proposed intervention. EM plus home detention could be an effective deterrent to crime and could have enormous social benefits, oddly if it is use early and saves what would otherwise be habitual offenders from a life of crime. 15) Nellis, M. (2006). Surveillance, rehabilitation, and electronic monitoring Getting issues clear. Criminology Public Policy, 5(1), 103-108. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00104. The author states that while there are reasons to believe that both radio-frequency and global positioning forms of electronic monitoring add some control over an offender that conventional Electronic Monitoring12 probation supervision cannot provid e, there are no heartfelt reasons to believe that they have a rehabilitative effect by themselves. limit offenders to their homes or tracking their movements cannot accomplish the real goal of changing offenders attitudes and cannot equip them with skills that alter them to desist from crime. 6) Is Electronic Monitoring akin to Imprisonment?. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 5-6. The article discusses a unlessterfly case wherein Brian Horsman who was aerated by the State of Illinois with felony driving with revoked licence has requested the court of law that he be placed on electronic home monitoring as a means of fulfilling the statutory strikement that he be sentenced to imprisonment. 17) Haverkamp, R. , Mayer, M. , & Levy, R. (2004). Electronic Monitoring in europium. European Journal Of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 12(1), 36-45. oi10. 1163/1571817041268847 This article deals with the practice of electronic monitoring in European prisons. As of 2004, most industrial societies in western sandwich Europe have found themselves burdened with overcrowded prisons and bound financial resources. Allegedly, more repressive crime policies led to the sentencing of longer prison sentences for violent, drug and sexual offenders. Restrictive reforms concerning parole, aggravations in sentencing and motley caused increases in the time actually devolve in prison for many inmates.In addition, closely all countries opting to use electronic monitoring have such conditions in commonality. indoors such a context, electronic monitoring can be seen as one of the most promising alternatives to incarceration specifically adopted for the relief of the problem of overcrowding. Apparently, electronic monitoring was already in use in many Western European countries. Projects using electronic monitoring are well-established in the penal and punitory systems in England, Sweden and the Netherlands.Pilot projects can be observed in Belgium, France , Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain. One objective was to analyze the normative frameworks of electronic monitoring in the Western European countries which ran a trial or implemented a program on the option. 18) Electronic Monitoring Is Not cargo area. (2011). Journal of Offender Monitoring, 23(2), 18. The article discusses a court case wherein minor Lorenzo L. was restrict to the California division of corrections and Rehabilitation after he admitted that he committed kidnapping, pass terrorism, and assault with a deadly weapon.The defendant appealed arguing that the juvenile court failed to represent him predispositional credit for 28 days he spent in an electronic monitoring program. The court rejected Lorenzos contention since his electronic monitoring was not physical confinement. 19) Armstrong, G. S. , Freeman, B. C. (2011). Examining GPS monitoring wondrouss triggered by sex offenders The divergence of legislative goals and practical application in comm unity corrections. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 175-182. doi10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2011. 01. 006 The innovation of this article is bout legislative mandates that require GPS monitoring of offenders add to the existing logistical complexities of community supervision. Challenges in implementing GPS policies and practices are heightened by the lack of sound empirical research. Studies examining the relationships between GPS monitoring of sex offenders in the community and the legislative goals of public safety, deterrence, and cost effectiveness are virtually nonexistent. To begin to address this gap in the literature, this study examines the impact of a Electronic Monitoring13 tatutorily-based GPS monitoring program for adult sex offenders convicted of dangerous crimes against children and placed under community supervision. 20) Renzema, M. , Mayo-Wilson, E. (2005). Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for keep in line to high-risk offenders?. Journal Of Experimental Crim inology, 1(2), 215-237. doi10. 1007/s11292-005-1615-1 All electronic monitoring(EM) programs aim to restrict the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be submissive in reducing long-term recidivism.This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the reviews inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and have for meta-analysis where appropriate.Given its continued and widespread use and the famine of reliable information about its effects, the authors come together that applications of EM as a tool for reducing cri me are not supported by existing data. decent controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM. Electronic Monitoring14 Website Reference Section This section will be based on distinguishable websites from the World dewy-eyed Web where you will be able to look up information about electronic monitoring.The websites provide useful information on contrasting types of electronic monitoring and different methods that are used virtually the United States and other countries around the world. The websites may also provide some statistics about those under monitored surveillance. piddle of come in core for Criminology and Public Policy Research uniform resource locator of locate www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu universal resource locator of knave http//www. criminologycenter. fsu. edu/p/electronic-monitoring. php season of devil December 16, 2011 This site discusses different research done on electronic monitoring.It begins to talk about different statistics about offenders monitored under electronic monitoring. For example, it says As early as 2000, more than 30,000 criminal offenders living in the community in the U. S. were monitored by electronic surveillance equipment for at least one day. The site is retained by the Florida State Universitys Criminology revolve around and its most recent update was on May 18th, 2009. differentiate of spot State of Michigan division of Corrections uniform resource locator of turn up www. michigan. gov universal resource locator of knave http//www. michigan. gov/corrections/0,4551,7-119-1435_1498-5032,00. tml see to it of rag December 16, 2011 This paginate talks about the different programs the state of Michigan has about electronic monitoring system. It also discusses a brief history of how the system became more used end-to-end the state during the 1980s. It then gives information on different devices the Corrections use to track offenders. The site is m aintain by the State of Michigan. Name of grade Free Advice universal resource locator of identify www. freeadvice. com universal resource locator of pagehttp//criminal-law. freeadvice. com/criminal-law/parole_probation/house_ar rest. htm march on of retrieve December 16, 2011The site is search engine website for law advice and other criminal law topics. The page discusses different key terms about the topic of electronic monitoring. For example, it tells us what house arrest is and how it is monitored. The site is maintained by Gerry Goldsholle and was at pull round updated on June 02, 2009. Name of lay Oakland County Michigan Community Corrections Division uniform resource locator of pose www. oakgov. com uniform resource locator of rapscallion http//www. oakgov. com/commcorr/program_service/electronic_monitor. html season of inlet December 16, 2011 Electronic Monitoring15 This site provides different engineering used in the countys corrections unit.It talks about how it is used end-to-end the built-in county and the programs they provide for different offenders. The last update was on October 12, 2006 and is maintained by the State of Michigan. Name of berth Electronic Monitoring Resource Center universal resource locator of berth www. du. edu uniform resource locator of pageboy https//emresourcecenter. nlectc. du. edu/ Date of entrance money December 16, 2011 The page discusses on data of electronic monitoring use in the Denver area of Colorado. The feature films are outlined in different categories from types and different genders of offenders. The page is maintained by the University of Denver and was last updated May 20, 2010.Name of Site DUI Foundation URL of Site www. duifoundation. com URL of pageboy www. duifoundation. org/ sub judiceguide/sentencingalternatives/electronicmonitoring/ Date of Access December 16, 2011 The page discusses on how electronic monitoring works on an alcoholic who is under house arrest cod to a DUI incident they committed. It talks about the device used on alcoholics to track down if they are consuming alcoholic beverages throughout the day 24/7. The owners of the website information was withheld and the site was last update on June 10, 2011. Name of Site leaders in Community Alternatives, Inc.URL of Site www. lcaservices. com URL of rogue http//www. lcaservices. com/pages/equipment. htmlgps Date of Access December 16, 2011 The LCA, Inc. website discusses on the different equipment used to monitor offenders electronically. Its basically like an advertisement for law enforcers so that they may use their applied science to track down offenders however, it provides useful information on the different devices. The website is maintained by Jesse Dudan and was last updated on May 16, 2011. Name of Site Electronic Monitoring attends. LLC URL of Site www. indyems. orgURL of Page http//indyems. org/monitoring. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website talks about different data and devices used on an offender while under house arrest. The site is maintained by Marvin Royston Jr. and was last updated on February 28, 2011. Name of Site Office of Justice Program URL of Site http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/ URL of Page http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/pdf/IACPSexOffenderElecMonitoring. pdf Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site is a PDF file and provides information of holding track of sex offenders in the community through GPS surveillance.The website is maintained by the Office of Justice in Washington D. C. and has no recent update. Electronic Monitoring16 Name of Site topic analyse Office URL of Site www. nao. org. uk URL of Page http//www. nao. org. uk/publications/0506/the_electronic_monitoring_of_a. aspx Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provides information about the programs used in the United landed estate for electronic monitoring. It provides a full report of offenders under surveillance of electronic monitoring. The site is mainta ined by the matter Audit Office and was last updated on November 1, 2011.Name of Site The British Journal of Criminology URL of Site www. oxfordjournals. org URL of Page http//bjc. oxfordjournals. org/content/31/2/165. short Date of Access December 17, 2011 This website provides information about how the British go about electronic monitoring around the country. This website is maintained by the Oxford University crushed leather and was last updated on October 5, 2009. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference go URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/app/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176698 Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site provides information and data about the costs of electronic monitoring throughout the United States of America. It gives some telescope information of electronic monitoring of offenders and how it costs a little less than sending someone to prison. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference answer URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=116750 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website is a government website by the part of Justice.The information provided gives an article about the effectiveness of electronic monitoring of offenders throughout the United States. It shows points of views by offenders and also correction officers. Name of Site Springer Link URL of Site www. springerlink. com URL of Page http//www. springerlink. com/content/w6x762q2242n8l44/ Date of Access December 17, 2011 This site discusses the traits offenders do while they are incarcerated under house arrest. This shows the different eyeshots of offenders. Some believe its better than prison while others think that its torture. The site is maintained by Springer Science Business Media B.V. and was last updated on January 30, 2011. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjr s. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=139140 Date of Access December 17, 2011 Electronic Monitoring 17 This website provides more information about the effectiveness and technology that has been used to track down different offenders. This article focuses mainly on the sex offenders and how they can be a danger in society even if theyre under electronic monitoring and following up with their parole officer.Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=108602 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The site is provided by the US Department of Justice. This page provides an article based on how different methods are used to make sure the offender is properly placed within their boundaries if you may say and that theyre not going elsewhere. Name of Site National Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abs tractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? d=176261 Date of Access December 17, 2011 The website provided can give useful resources and information about tracking down drug addicts with the do drugs Patch. It respects whether or not an offender who had a drug problem and was incarcerated in the past if they are fetching il heavy narcotics in their system. Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//www. google. com/patents? hl=enlr=vid=USPAT4736196id=XW46AAAAEBAJoi=fnddq=electronic+monitoring+offendersprintsec=abstractv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf= sour Date of Access December 17, 2011The source was found via Google Patents. This site provides a diagram and normal of a home detention monitoring device. It shows what parts of the device gives off the timidity to alert officials that the offender has left the exposit and how it carries out via satellite. This website is maintained by Google, Inc and was last updated on July 20, 2011. Name of Site Na tional Criminal Justice Reference Service URL of Site www. ncjrs. gov URL of Page https//www. ncjrs. gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails. aspx? id=190283 Date of Access December 17, 2011The website of the page above provides information about juveniles under electronic monitoring. The article suggested that electronic monitoring is not a harsh punishment and juveniles may most likely be placed under house arrest or probation. Electronic Monitoring18 Name of Site Google URL of Site www. google. com URL of Page http//books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=mCOfWKwfpQYCoi=fndpg=PA224dq=electronic+monitoring+offendersots=H6cgo3OoGdsig=sKrBNiIgGjT_kxe0gcoehWJrT7Qv=onepageq=electronic%20monitoring%20offendersf=false Date of Access December 17, 2011The article was found via Google Books. The article is a chapter from a book and talks about the honest crimes committed in order to be placed under house arrest. ordinarily those crimes are less serious except you can be on parole and be under electronic monitoring. This site is maintained by Google, Inc. and was last updated on August 23, 2011. Electronic Monitoring19 Data Files origination U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004) analysis of Federal Justice Statistics, NCJ 213476 Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice p. 95. Electronic Monitoring20 Source U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and fling Inmates at middle year 2000, publicize NCJ 185989, p. 6 2003, publicize NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 213133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 cast out Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK Electronic Monitoring21 Number of Offenders Under Home Detention 1995-2010 Source U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and Jail Inmates at Mid year 2000, Bulletin NCJ 185989, p. 2003, Bulletin NCJ 203947, p. 7 2005, Bulletin NCJ 21 3133, p. 7 2006, Bulletin NCJ 217675, p. 21 Jail Inmates at Midyear 2010-Statistical Tables, NCJ 233431, p. 12 (Washington, DC U. S. Department of Justice). Table adapted by SOURCEBOOK staff. Electronic Monitoring22 Topic Explanation Electronic monitoring of offenders has been around since the early 1980s. Since then, the technology used has enhanced in many different ways. The technology started from a simple articulatio talocruralis bracelet to technology permit governance know if you have been taking drugs or drinking alcoholic beverages.The legal definition of electronic monitoring means that it allows the release of a someone into the community, during what could have been jail time, and obliging the individual to write down his or her whereabouts at all times or on regular intervals using electronic or telecommunication devices (Duhaime. org 2009). Electronic monitoring is a frequent feature of a probation or bail order. Electronic monitoring was inspired by a Spiderman comic book that was read by Judge Jack Love of New Mexico (Howard 2001). Judge Love thought to create a real device from the comic book with the help of an electronics technician in 1983.On that kindred year, Love sentenced his first offender to house arrest with electronic monitoring (Howard 2001). intimately electronic monitoring devices do not simply track the offenders movement, but they simply confirm whether the subject is at an clear place approved times (Howard 2001). A Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) technology is the most common device used in electronic monitoring. This type of technology allows a correctional client to be precisely fit(p) around the world for 24 hours and 7 days a week. However, as technology develops, there are three rightfully important pieces of technology in electronic monitoring.They are, regular house arrest ankle bracelets, SCRAMx, and drug patches. All these technologies are the most common use of detecting not only an offender s perspective, but also his or her alcohol in-take. The SCRAMx System began over the past six years. This device became popular in the courts by effect them to those who are dangerous to the public due to their excessive drinking. Electronic Monitoring23 The SCRAMx combines with the continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) which detects the alcohol in-take of an offender.What makes SCRAMx different is that it is alcohol monitoring combined with house arrest technology (Alcohol Monitoring 2011). After the court has sentenced someone to be under house arrest due to excessive alcohol or drunk driving, they must pause the SCRAMx bracelet. The SCRAMx bracelet tests for alcohol every 30 minutes throughout the day, 24/7. It also monitors curfews and schedules of when an offender can be home or go to work/school. The SCRAMx bracelet also incorporates multiple sensors to detect move tampers, obstructions, or removal attempts (Alcohol Monitoring Systems 2011).All of this information is sent fr om the bracelet to the SCRAMx rest home Station. The Base Station is plugged into an analog call in line at the offenders home or work place and uploads all available data from the SCRAMx bracelet. After it stores the information, it sends alcohol readings, tamper alerts, and diagnostic data to what is called SCRAMnet for further readings. SCRAMnet analyzes the data it receives from the base range and identifies any alerts such as, alcohol consumption, environmental interference, tampers/removals, and missed communications.The SCRAMnet will alert the agency or appropriate contact person if the offender has violated any of his/her sentence. This technology will take all the put down data will send it to the official via LCD screen with graphs and charts of every test or tamper report. These reports can be accessed around the clock from any location using a standard web browser and you may check on multiple offenders who are under this device. In my opinion, the ways this device c an change are that everyone who goes out to drink at the bar and were driving should wear one.If the drinker has gone over the percentage of drinking, the device should alert police officers and make sure that person isnt driving when they leave the bar. Electronic Monitoring 24 Drug patches are another type of electronic monitoring. These devices are sometime used to monitor those convicted of violating drug laws. The drug patches are a lot similar to the SCRAMx device only difference is, once you remove the patch, it automatically tests for drugs of many kinds. The patch tests for traces of marijuana, heroin, PCP, cocaine, and methamphetamines.Just like the SCRAMx, the drug patch will alert authorities if someone has taken drugs. The drug patch is removed and replaced weekly. The patch takes the sweat and real(a) fluids from the skin and hair which then is test for drugs on a scanner. House arrest comes into play here because the offender is also wearing the ankle bracelet s o authorities know where the offender is primed(p) and not violating their parole release. The problem with this technology is that the cost may increase because two different types of electronic monitoring are in use at the same time.As technology becomes more advanced as the years go by, the drug patch should be just like the SCRAMx device. The drug patch should be able to report any signs of drug use to authorities right away 24/7. The drug patch should also be able to determine the location of the offender. The offender should be home or at work while under the drug patch. The lowest piece of technology with electronic monitoring is the basic house arrest ankle bracelet. This sentence is usually given to misdemeanor offenses and those sentenced to probation or released on parole (Howard 2001). This device is basic and it works very simple.The ankle bracelet is worn by the offender and it gives data and exact location of the offender to a base station device. The offender will most likely have a curfew and has only a real amount of time to go to work and back home. The ankle bracelet will send off alerts to the base station and will alert authorities about the offenders whereabouts. The bracelet will also send out an alert if the device has been tampered with or removed off the offenders ankle. The problem with Electronic Monitoring25 the offender removing the ankle bracelet is that he or she may remove it and capture it onto an animal passing by.This can give authorities off and confuse the location of the offender. This device can also be used on sex offenders because they may be prohibited from being around a certain area. For example, a child sex offender will receive the house arrest bracelet and may go to work, however, they may not pass by a school modify with children or minors. The ankle bracelet will alert the officials if the offender has passed by a school (Whitefield 1997). The problem with this is that the device cannot detect if childr en are in the area or hidden in their home.They send an officer to check but some probation officers may be careless and overlook different things. In order to advance technology in this situation, officials should order surveillance cameras in the offenders home to check for inappropriate sexual actions or material in the home. If the offender tampers with the tapes, it will alert authorities that the offender has tampered or removed from its place (Whitefield 1997). Electronic monitoring is best source of technology for tracking down offenders placed under house arrest or taking alcohol or drugs.The technology is basic GPS satellite technology. The types of technology mentioned above are continuing to become more and more advanced as we move on. The technology has its flaws in my opinion however, it can be useful 90 percent of the time while study an offenders every gait and what he or she may consume into their bodies. The SCRAMx device has to be the most useful for those who c ommitted DWIs or those with alcoholic problems. However, in general, house arrests are a good way to rehabilitate an offender especially those who committed crimes while intoxicated.It can set them in the right state of forefront and change their ways when their sentence is over. Electronic Monitoring26 Appendices Glossary House arrest- allows a person who is sentenced to a jail term to spend the time at his home as an alternative to being physically confined to jail. Electronic home detention- monitored using an electronic sensor strapped to an offenders ankle and linked by telephone lines to a central computer which emits a continuous signal. Probation- literally means testing of behavior or abilities. In a legal sense, an offender on probation is ordered o follow certain conditions set by the court. GPS Tracker- is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it is attached and to record the po sition of the asset at regular intervals. Electric monitoring- a form of non-surreptitious surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored. SCRAMx System- combines continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) with house arrest technology in one court-validated device.Now with radiocommunication capabilities, SCRAMx tests for alcohol every 30 minutes, 24/7, monitors curfews and schedules, gives comprehensive information on the entire 24/7 monitoring period. Electronic Monitoring27 Bibliography Bales, W. , Mann, K. , Blomberg, T. , McManus, B. , Dhungana, K. (2010). Electronic Monitoring in Florida. Journal of Offender Monitoring, 22(2), 5-12. Howard, J. (2001). Electronic monitoring. The Reporter. Retrieved from http//www. johnhoward. ab. ca/newslet/may2001/May2001. pdf Whitefield, D. (1997). Tackling the tag The electronic monitoring of offenders. Waterside Press